Craniofacial morphology in Turner syndrome karyotypes

Cvetanka Bajraktarova Miševska; Mirjana Kočova; Lidija Kanurkova; Gabriela Curcieva Cuckova; Bona Bajraktarova; Marija Maneva; Emilija Bajraktarova Valjakova

doi:10.5937/sejodr2-15241

Cvetanka Bajraktarova Miševska Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics
Mirjana Kočova Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Medical Faculty, Pediatric Clinic
Lidija Kanurkova Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Medical Faculty, Pediatric Clinic
Gabriela Curcieva Cuckova Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics
Bona Bajraktarova Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry
Marija Maneva Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics
Emilija Bajraktarova Valjakova Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/sejodr2-15241

Abstract

Introduction: A complete or partial absence of an X chromosome in the karyotype of phenotypic females has an impact on craniofacial morphology. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the craniofacial complex in patients with Turner syndrome (TS), and to evaluate the influence of various karyotypes on craniofacial morphology.

Materials and methods: The study population was comprised of 40 TS female patients, aged 9.2 to 18 years, and 40 healthy females,aged 9.3 to 18 years, as the control group. The TS patients were subdivided according to karyotype. All study participants were evaluated cephalometrically. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison test were used for analysis of the differences between the means in Turner subgroups and the control group.

Results: In general, the girls with TS were characterized by smaller dimensions and an altered morphology of the craniofacial complex compared with the unaffected girls. The curvature of the frontal bone was significantly increased, while the diameter of the head was reduced. Both the maxilla and mandible were retrognathic, posteriorly rotated, and reduced in antero-posterior length. The cranialbase was shorter and flattened. Among the different karoytypes, no significant differences were determined in the dimensions of the craniofacial complex in girls with TS.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the karyo type has no effect on craniofacial morphology and we confirmed that a specific model of craniofacial morphology in individuals with TS is present in early childhood.

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