ODNOS KULTURE GLUVIH PREMA KOHLEARNOJ IMPLANTACIJI
Sažetak
Osnovni cilj rada je da se pregledom dostupne literature analiziraju relevantni podaci o odnosu kulture gluvih i naučnika prema kohlearnoj implantaciji. Iz perspektive pripadnika kulture gluvih, pojedinac koji ne može da čuje jeste član bogatog kulturnog nasleđa koje se ogleda u jedinstvenom jeziku, verovanjima, istoriji i dugoj tradiciji, vrednostima, pravilima ponašanja, humoru i umetnosti.
Iako mnoge odrasle osobe biraju implantate za svoju decu, mnogi drugi, posebno članovi zajednice Gluvih, žestoko se protive njihovom korišćenju u svim slučajevima. Argumenti protiv kohlearnog implanta su raznovrsni, od rizika koji sa sobom nosi ova hirurška intervencija do moguće pojave ozbiljnih psihičkih i socijalnih problema, jer se implantirano dete ne može identifikovati niti sa čujućim niti sa gluvim vršnjacima.
S druge strane, rezultati istraživanja grupe naučnika ukazuju da 54% dece sa kohlearnim impantom je razvilo veštine čitanja koje odgovaraju uzrastu između četvrtog razreda osnovne i četvrtog razreda srednje škole. Nasuprot tome, 8 do 14% dece koja su imala slušni aparat je razvilo ovu veštinu na nivou četvrtog razreda osnovne škole ili viši nivo sposobnosti.
U višedecenijskoj raspravi ko je u pravu, pripadnici zajednice Gluvih ili naučnici koji podržavaju kohlearnu implantaciju, postoji realna opasnost da kohlearno implantirana deca ne postanu članovi ni jedne zajednice i ostanu u klopci „između dve kulture“.
Ključne reči: zajednica gluvih, kultura gluvih, kohlearna implantacija, naučniciReference
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