Chronic chloroquine and ethanol administration cause detrimental renal morphologic changes in rats fed low protein.

Abdurrahman Abdulkadir; Ejikeme Felix Mbajiorgu

doi:10.5937/afmnai38-29628

Abdurrahman Abdulkadir Federal University Birnin Kebbi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8029-0228
Ejikeme Felix Mbajiorgu University of the Witwatersrand

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/afmnai38-29628

Keywords: Chloroquine, Ethanol, Low protein, VGStudio, Aquaporin 2

Abstract

Aim

This study investigated the microscopic renal changes resulting from the concurrent administration of chloroquine and ethanol with inadequate dietary protein using rats.

Methods

Sixty-four rats were randomly distributed into eight groups of eight rats each: Control groups on normal protein (NPC) or low protein diet (LPC). Chloroquine treatment groups on normal protein (NPQ) or low protein diet (LPQ). Ethanol treatment groups on normal protein (NPE) or low protein diet (LPE). Concurrent chloroquine and ethanol treatment groups on normal protein (NPQE) or low protein diet (LPQE). Chloroquine in 0.9% normal saline was administered weekly to NPQ, LPQ, NPQE, and LPQE. While NPE, LPE, NPQE and LPQE received 6% ethanol in drinking water ad libitum. NPC and LPC received 0.9% normal saline and plain drinking water. Following the treatment, routine Haematoxylin and eosin histology, Masson’s trichrome for collagen, kidney volume estimation, glomeruli count, immunofluorescence for aquaporin 2 and urine volume estimation were conducted.

Results

The results showed a decreased kidney volume in all the experimental groups compared to control. There was increased collagen fibre deposition and distortion of renal histology in the experimental groups compared to control.

Conclusion

In conclusion, concurrent administration of chloroquine and alcohol causes distortion of kidney histology and derangements of renal function in the low protein fed rats and has the potential to cause kidney failure.