Komponente majčinog mleka i faktori koji mogu uticati na uspešnost laktacije kod odojčadi
Ključne reči:
dojenje, sastav majčinog mleka
Sažetak
Dojenje i ishrana majčinim mlekom predstavlja najznačajniji način ishrane novorođenčeta, odojčeta i malog deteta. Laktogeneza je mogućnost izlučivanja mleka iz mlečne žlezde i obuhvata sekretornu inicijaciju i aktivaciju. Izbacivanje placente i smanjenje nivoa progesterona, stimuliše porast nivoa prolaktina i lučenje mleka iz dojki. Humano mleko sadrži ugljene hidrate, lipide, proteine, vitamine, minerale, masne kiseline, aminokiseline, elemente u tragovima. Osim toga prisutne su i brojne ćelije, makrofagi, bakterije, hemokini, citokini, imunoglobulini, hormoni, faktori rasta, mucin.
Sastav mleka se razlikuje zavisno od faze lučenja. Prvih pet dana od porođaja luči se kolostrum, zatim prelazno mleko, a dve nedelje posle porođaja zrelo mleko. U toku samog akta dojenja razlikuje se predmleko i zadnje mleko. U predmleku je sadržaj masti nizak i povećava se sa trajanjem laktacije, a u zadnjem mleku je relativno visok.
Paritet majki, uzrast ili socioekonomski status i obrazovanje, mogu imati uticaja na koncentraciju određenih komponenti majčinog mleka.
Adekvatna socijalna politika i podrška, uz edukaciju vezanu za iskustva ranog dojenja, mogu biti ključni faktori za započinjanje i održavanje dojenja. Koristi od toga pored majke i deteta, imala bi i celokupna društvena zajednica.
Reference
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6. Samuel TM, Zhou Q, Giuffrida F, Munblit D, Verhasselt V, Thakkar SK. Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors. Front Nutr. 2020;7:576133. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.576133. PMID: 33117843; PMCID: PMC7557356. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.576133
7. Kim SY, Yi DY. Components of human breast milk: from macronutrient to microbiome and microRNA. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(8):301-309. doi: 10.3345/cep.2020.00059. Epub 2020. PMID: 32252145; PMCID: PMC7402982. https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00059
8. Wu X, Jackson RT, Khan SA, Ahuja J, Pehrsson PR. Human Milk Nutrient Composition in the United States: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Research Needs. Curr Dev Nutr. 2018;2(7):nzy025. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzy025. PMID: 30087951; PMCID: PMC6063275. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzy025
9. Thai JD, Gregory KE. Bioactive Factors in Human Breast Milk Attenuate Intestinal Inflammation during Early Life. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):581. doi: 10.3390/nu12020581. PMID: 32102231; PMCID: PMC7071406. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020581
10. Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Breast milk microbiota: A review of the factors that influence composition. J Infect. 2020;81(1):17-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.023. Epub 2020. PMID: 32035939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.023
11. Álvarez D, Muñoz Y, Ortiz M, Maliqueo M, Chouinard-Watkins R, Valenzuela R. Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. Nutrients. 2020;13(1):19. doi: 10.3390/nu13010019. PMID: 33374585; PMCID: PMC7822469. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010019
12. Denić M, Sunarić S, Genčić M, Živković J, Jovanović T, Kocić G, et al. Maternal age has more pronounced effect on breast milk retinol and β-carotene content than maternal dietary pattern. Nutrition. 2019 Sep;65:120-125. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.019. Epub 2019. PMID: 31082789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.019
13. Xue Y, Campos-Giménez E, Redeuil KM, Lévèques A, Actis-Goretta L, Vinyes-Pares G. Concentrations of Carotenoids and Tocopherols in Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers and Their Associations with Maternal Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1229. doi: 10.3390/nu9111229. PMID: 29120377; PMCID: PMC5707701. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111229
14. Radonić JR, Kocić Tanackov SD, Mihajlović IJ, Grujić ZS, Vojinović Miloradov MB, Škrinjar MM, et al. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in human milk samples in Vojvodina, Serbia: Estimation of average daily intake by babies. J Environ Sci Health B. 2017;52(1):59-63. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1229454. Epub 2016 Oct 11. PMID: 27726497. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2016.1229454
15. Bassil M, Daou F, Hassan H, Yamani O, Kharma JA, Attieh Z, et al. Lead, cadmium and arsenic in human milk and their socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants in Lebanon. Chemosphere. 2018;191:911-921. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.111. Epub 2017 Oct 27. PMID: 29145136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.111
16. Nilsson IMS, Kronborg H, Rahbek K, Strandberg-Larsen K. The significance of early breastfeeding experiences on breastfeeding self-efficacy one week postpartum. Matern Child Nutr. 2020;16(3):e12986. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12986. Epub 2020. PMID: 32543045; PMCID: PMC7296789. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12986
17. Özalkaya E, Aslandoğdu Z, Özkoral A, Topcuoğlu S, Karatekin G. Effect of a galactagogue herbal tea on breast milk production and prolactin secretion by mothers of preterm babies. Niger J Clin Pract. 2018;21(1):38-42. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.224788. PMID: 29411721. https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.224788
18. Stamenkovic Z, Matejic B, Djikanovic B, Bjegovic-Mikanovic V. Surprising Differences in the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Non-Roma and Roma Population in Serbia. Front Public Health. 2020;8:277. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00277. PMID: 32714892; PMCID: PMC7342049. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00277
19. Buckman C, Diaz AL, Tumin D, Bear K. Parity and the Association Between Maternal Sociodemographic Characteristics and Breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med. 2020 Jul;15(7):443-452. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0284. Epub 2020. PMID: 32456452. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2019.0284
20. Sehhatie FS, Mirghafourvand M, Havizari S. Effect of prenatal counseling on exclusive breastfeeding frequency and infant weight gain in mothers with previous unsuccessful breastfeeding: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(21):3571-3578. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1579191. Epub 2019. PMID: 30720379. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1579191
21. Dalili H, Shariat M, Nayeri F, Emami Z, Sahebi R, Sahebi L. Duration of Breastfeeding and Maternal-Related Factors in Iran, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020;54:e23-e30. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.04.011. Epub 2020. PMID: 32553476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.04.011
22. Peven K, Purssell E, Taylor C, Bick D, Lopez VK. Breastfeeding support in low and middle-income countries: Secondary analysis of national survey data. Midwifery. 2020;82:102601. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.102601. Epub 2019. PMID: 31935650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.102601
23. Jillani Z, Scott VC, Thorpe AM, Taylor YJ. Depiction of Breastfeeding in Newspapers in the United States: 2007-2016. Breastfeed Med. 2020;15(11):739-746. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0010. Epub 2020. PMID: 32813552. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2020.0010
24. Li Q, Tian J, Xu F, Binns C. Breastfeeding in China: A Review of Changes in the Past Decade. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):8234. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218234. PMID: 33171798; PMCID: PMC7664678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218234
25. Karimi FZ, Miri HH, Khadivzadeh T, Maleki-Saghooni N. The effect of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth on exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2020;21(1):46-56. doi: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2019.2018.0138. Epub 2019. PMID: 30905140; PMCID: PMC7075405. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2019.2018.0138
2. Fu NY, Nolan E, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE. Stem Cells and the Differentiation Hierarchy in Mammary Gland Development. Physiol Rev. 2020;100(2):489-523. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2018. Epub 2019. PMID: 31539305. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00040.2018
3. Pillay J, Davis TJ. Physiology, Lactation. 2020. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020. PMID: 29763156. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499981/
4. Lyons KE, Ryan CA, Dempsey EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. Breast Milk, a Source of Beneficial Microbes and Associated Benefits for Infant Health. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1039. doi: 10.3390/nu12041039. PMID: 32283875; PMCID: PMC7231147. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041039
5. Erickson EN, Carter CS, Emeis CL. Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Prolactin in New Breastfeeding Mothers: Relationship to Clinical Characteristics and Infant Weight Loss. J Hum Lact. 2020;36(1):136-145. doi: 10.1177/0890334419838225. Epub 2019. PMID: 31033381. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334419838225
6. Samuel TM, Zhou Q, Giuffrida F, Munblit D, Verhasselt V, Thakkar SK. Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors. Front Nutr. 2020;7:576133. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.576133. PMID: 33117843; PMCID: PMC7557356. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.576133
7. Kim SY, Yi DY. Components of human breast milk: from macronutrient to microbiome and microRNA. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(8):301-309. doi: 10.3345/cep.2020.00059. Epub 2020. PMID: 32252145; PMCID: PMC7402982. https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00059
8. Wu X, Jackson RT, Khan SA, Ahuja J, Pehrsson PR. Human Milk Nutrient Composition in the United States: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Research Needs. Curr Dev Nutr. 2018;2(7):nzy025. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzy025. PMID: 30087951; PMCID: PMC6063275. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzy025
9. Thai JD, Gregory KE. Bioactive Factors in Human Breast Milk Attenuate Intestinal Inflammation during Early Life. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):581. doi: 10.3390/nu12020581. PMID: 32102231; PMCID: PMC7071406. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020581
10. Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Breast milk microbiota: A review of the factors that influence composition. J Infect. 2020;81(1):17-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.023. Epub 2020. PMID: 32035939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.023
11. Álvarez D, Muñoz Y, Ortiz M, Maliqueo M, Chouinard-Watkins R, Valenzuela R. Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. Nutrients. 2020;13(1):19. doi: 10.3390/nu13010019. PMID: 33374585; PMCID: PMC7822469. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010019
12. Denić M, Sunarić S, Genčić M, Živković J, Jovanović T, Kocić G, et al. Maternal age has more pronounced effect on breast milk retinol and β-carotene content than maternal dietary pattern. Nutrition. 2019 Sep;65:120-125. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.019. Epub 2019. PMID: 31082789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.019
13. Xue Y, Campos-Giménez E, Redeuil KM, Lévèques A, Actis-Goretta L, Vinyes-Pares G. Concentrations of Carotenoids and Tocopherols in Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers and Their Associations with Maternal Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1229. doi: 10.3390/nu9111229. PMID: 29120377; PMCID: PMC5707701. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111229
14. Radonić JR, Kocić Tanackov SD, Mihajlović IJ, Grujić ZS, Vojinović Miloradov MB, Škrinjar MM, et al. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in human milk samples in Vojvodina, Serbia: Estimation of average daily intake by babies. J Environ Sci Health B. 2017;52(1):59-63. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1229454. Epub 2016 Oct 11. PMID: 27726497. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2016.1229454
15. Bassil M, Daou F, Hassan H, Yamani O, Kharma JA, Attieh Z, et al. Lead, cadmium and arsenic in human milk and their socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants in Lebanon. Chemosphere. 2018;191:911-921. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.111. Epub 2017 Oct 27. PMID: 29145136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.111
16. Nilsson IMS, Kronborg H, Rahbek K, Strandberg-Larsen K. The significance of early breastfeeding experiences on breastfeeding self-efficacy one week postpartum. Matern Child Nutr. 2020;16(3):e12986. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12986. Epub 2020. PMID: 32543045; PMCID: PMC7296789. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12986
17. Özalkaya E, Aslandoğdu Z, Özkoral A, Topcuoğlu S, Karatekin G. Effect of a galactagogue herbal tea on breast milk production and prolactin secretion by mothers of preterm babies. Niger J Clin Pract. 2018;21(1):38-42. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.224788. PMID: 29411721. https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.224788
18. Stamenkovic Z, Matejic B, Djikanovic B, Bjegovic-Mikanovic V. Surprising Differences in the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Non-Roma and Roma Population in Serbia. Front Public Health. 2020;8:277. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00277. PMID: 32714892; PMCID: PMC7342049. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00277
19. Buckman C, Diaz AL, Tumin D, Bear K. Parity and the Association Between Maternal Sociodemographic Characteristics and Breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med. 2020 Jul;15(7):443-452. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0284. Epub 2020. PMID: 32456452. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2019.0284
20. Sehhatie FS, Mirghafourvand M, Havizari S. Effect of prenatal counseling on exclusive breastfeeding frequency and infant weight gain in mothers with previous unsuccessful breastfeeding: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(21):3571-3578. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1579191. Epub 2019. PMID: 30720379. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1579191
21. Dalili H, Shariat M, Nayeri F, Emami Z, Sahebi R, Sahebi L. Duration of Breastfeeding and Maternal-Related Factors in Iran, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020;54:e23-e30. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.04.011. Epub 2020. PMID: 32553476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.04.011
22. Peven K, Purssell E, Taylor C, Bick D, Lopez VK. Breastfeeding support in low and middle-income countries: Secondary analysis of national survey data. Midwifery. 2020;82:102601. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.102601. Epub 2019. PMID: 31935650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.102601
23. Jillani Z, Scott VC, Thorpe AM, Taylor YJ. Depiction of Breastfeeding in Newspapers in the United States: 2007-2016. Breastfeed Med. 2020;15(11):739-746. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0010. Epub 2020. PMID: 32813552. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2020.0010
24. Li Q, Tian J, Xu F, Binns C. Breastfeeding in China: A Review of Changes in the Past Decade. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):8234. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218234. PMID: 33171798; PMCID: PMC7664678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218234
25. Karimi FZ, Miri HH, Khadivzadeh T, Maleki-Saghooni N. The effect of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth on exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2020;21(1):46-56. doi: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2019.2018.0138. Epub 2019. PMID: 30905140; PMCID: PMC7075405. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2019.2018.0138
Objavljeno
2025/12/21
Broj časopisa
Rubrika
Pregledni rad / Review article