ZNAČAJ PREVENCIJE HIPERHOMOCISTEINEMIJE KAO FAKTORA RIZIKA ZA KARDIOVASKULARNE BOLESTI

  • Bojana Miladinovic Katedra za farmaciju, Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu
  • Vladana Živković Medicinski fakultet Univerzitet u Nišu
  • Dušanka Kitić Katedra za farmaciju, Medicinski fakultet Univerzitet u Nišu
  • Maja Nikolić Medicinski fakultet Univerzitet u Nišu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/afmnai40-36742
Ključne reči: homocistein, prevencija, ateroskleroza, hronične nezarazne bolesti

Sažetak


Homocistein je amino-kiselina koja predstavlja glavni metabolit metionina. Njegova hemijska struktura je poznata već 90 godina, a biološke uloge se i dalje istražuju. U normalnim uslovima, homocistein se nalazi u plazmi u koncentraciji 5-9 μmol/l. Kada se popune ćelijski kapaciteti za homocistein, on se transportuje u ekstracelularni prostor, do normalizacije intracelularnog nivoa. Ukoliko ćelija nije u stanju da obezbedi potrebne nivoe homocisteina, homocistein se nagomilava u krvi i nastaje hiperhomocisteinemija. Utvrđeno je da mnogi faktori, kao što su urođeni nedostatak enzima, uzrast, pol, neodgovarajuća ishrana (nedostatak posebno vitamina B grupe) povećavaju nivo homocisteina u krvi. Takođe, oslabljena funkcija bubrega, dijabetes, hipertireoza, kao i mnogi lekovi, mogu uticati na homocisteinemiju. Povećana koncentracija homocisteina u krvi ubrzava proces ateroskleroze pomoću nekoliko različitih mehanizama i predstavlja nezavistan faktor rizika za pojavu kardiovaskularnih bolesti i neželjenih cerebralnih događaja. Prevalencija hiperhomocisteinemije procenjena je na 5% u opštoj populaciji i 13 - 47% među pacijentima sa simptomatskom aterosklerotskom vaskularnom bolešću. Iz navedenih razloga treba pratiti nivo homocisteina u krvi i sprovoditi korektivne mere koje uključuje dovoljan unos folne kiseline, vitamine B12 i B6, u dozama koje zavise od nivoa homocisteina natašte i nakon testa opterećenja metioninom.

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Objavljeno
2025/12/09
Broj časopisa
Vol. 40 Br. 1 (2023): Acta facultatis medicae Naissensis
Rubrika
Pregledni rad / Review article