FUNKCIONALNA ELEKTRIČNA STIMULACIJA GORNJIH EKSTREMITETA OSOBA S KVADRIPLEGIJOM

  • Ranka Ogurlić Univerzitet u Sarajevu, Fakultet zdravstvenih studija
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/afmnai40-39107
Ključne reči: gornji ekstremitet; kvadriplegija; rehabilitacija; terapija električnom stimulacijom

Sažetak


Uvod: Traumatska povreda cervikalnog segmenta kičmene moždine uzrokuje onesposobljenje i  kvadriplegiju. Mobilnost gornjih ekstremiteta i obnavljanje funkcije šake predstavlja prioritet oporavka, a funkcionalni električni stimulatori (Functional electrical stimulation - FES) to i omogućavaju. Funkcionalni električni stimulatori za gornje ekstremitete dizajnirani su u cilju povećanja fizičke funkcije kod ovih osoba. Cilj: Pregledom dostupne literature, objavljene u relevantnim, elektronskim bazama biomedicinskih podataka naći dokaze o značaju funkcionalnih električnih stimulatora u funkciji gornjih ekstremiteta i motoričkoj kontroli osoba s kvadriplegijom. Metode: Korištenjem ključnih reči “kvadriplegija”, “FES”, “gornji ekstremitet”, “funkcionalna sposobnost”, “motorna kontrola” i “traumatska povreda” tri autora su prema unaprijed utvrđenim pravilima pregledali dostupne radove objavljene od 2017. do 2022. godine. Isključenjem radova starijih od pet godina, radova koji nisu bili dostupni punim tekstom, niti napisani na engleskom jeziku selektovano je 57, od kojih je šest odabrano za istraživanje. Rezultati: Funkcionalni električni stimulatori poboljšavaju funkcionalnu sposobnost gornjih ekstremiteta neposredno po primjeni i nakon nje. Izazivau neurofiziološke promjene u centralnom nervnom sistemu i kortikalnu reorganizaciju koja zavisi od sinhronizacije dobrovoljne komande i uspješnog izvršenja predviđenog zadatka. U cilju očuvanju neurološke funkcije bitna je senzorna stimulacija, jer je neuroplastičost podstaknuta sinhronizacijom dobrovoljne komande i uspješnim izvršenjem predviđenog zadatka. Zaključak: Pretraživanjem literature potvrđena je prednost funkcionalne električne stimulacije kao efikasne intervencije u poboljšanju motoričke kontrole i funkcionalne sposobnosti gornjih ekstremiteta osoba s kvadriplegijom.

 

Reference

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Objavljeno
2025/12/19
Broj časopisa
Vol. 40 Br. 2 (2023): Acta facultatis medicae Naissensis
Rubrika
Pregledni rad / Review article