GRADIVNI DENTALNI MATERIJALI – BIOLOŠKA SVOJSTVA I KLINIČKE PROMENE ORALNOG TKIVA. NARATIVNI PREGLEDNI RAD
Kliničke promene oralnog tkiva uzrokovane dentalnim materijalima
Ključne reči:
: gradivni dentalni materijali, biokompatibilnost, oralne promene, terapija
Sažetak
APSTRAKT
Vraćanje morfološkog i funkcionalnog stanja destruisanih i nadoknada izgubljenih zuba predstavlja izazov za primenu novih delotvornijih dentalnih materijala i poboljšanje onih koji su već na tržištu. Savremeni materijali u stomatologiji treba da teže ka obezbeđenju optimalne funkcionalnosti uz maksimalni estetski efekat. Pored toga što su efikasni, oni nedvosmisleno moraju da budu i bezbedni. Biokopatibilnost je sposobnost materijala da nakon aplikacije obavlja određenu funkciju u organizmu ne izazivajući odgovor tkiva domaćina. Danas se u stomatološkoj praksi koriste različite vrste materijala, koje se grubo mogu podeliti na gradivne (akrilatni polimeri, dentalni kompoziti, keramike i legure metala) i pomoćne (gips, voskovi, termoplastične, otisne i vatrostalne mase). Sluzokoža usne duplje, uključujući usne, stalno je izložena velikom broju potencijalno nadražujućih i senzibilizujućih supstanci. Izloženost određenim dentalnim materijalima može izazvati reakcije u usnoj duplji, u rasponu od blagih do teških. Većina dentalnih materijala namenjena je dugotrajnoj upotrebi, tako da se izloženost ovim materijalima može odraziti i na sluzokožu usne duplje, što rezultira pojavom različtih promena i simptoma. Lokalne reakcije tkiva na prisustvo dentalnih materijala su brojne, kao što su: oralni stomatitis, oštećenja oralnog tkiva (mehanička, termička, hemijska, oštećenja uzrokovana električnom strujom i toksičnim supstancama), i alergijske reakcije tkiva. Dobro postavljena dijagnoza je preduslov za dobru terapiju i odsustvo komplikacija.
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Pregledni rad / Review article