POREMEĆAJI GUTANJA U ODNOSU NA LOKALIZACIJU MOŽDANIH LEZIJA
Sažetak
Poremećaji gutanja (disfagija) obuhvataju kako teškoće u gutanju i kontrolisanju pljuvačke tako i teškoće u hranjenju. Ove smetnje pogađaju sve starosne grupe od novorođenčeta do starijih i mogu biti posledica kongenitalnih abnormalnosti, oštećenja anatomskih struktura koja utiču na gutanje kao i različitih medicinskih stanja. Disfagija može da bude akutna (npr. moždani udar) ili može da progredira tokom vremena (npr. tumori i progresivne neurološke bolesti). Brojne regije učestvuju u aktu gutanja i uključuju precentralni girus, postcentralni girus, premotornu zonu, suplementarnu motornu zonu, operculum, insulu, precuneus, prefrontalnu areu, temporalni režanj, mali mozak, moždano stablo, frontalni režanj, capsula-u interna-u, asocijativna polja, talamus i bazalne ganglije. Od izuzetne je važnosti razumevanje procesa gutanja radi daljeg planiranja adekvatnog pristupa u tretmanu poremećaja ove funkcije.
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