MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
Sažetak
Mandibula i kranijum su povezani kompleksnom zglobnom vezom koja je po mnogim osobinama jedinstvena u ljudskom organizmu. Od drugih zglobova se razlikuje građom, morfološkom varijabilnošću zglobnih komponenata, specijalizovanim funkcijama, izuzetnom slobodom pokreta i blizinom vitalnih organa. Zglobne površine su prekrivene gustim fibroznim tkivom koje se sastoji iz četiri histološki različite zone: artikulaciona zona, proliferativna zona, zona fibrozne hrskavice i zona kalcifikovane hrskavice. Fibrozna kapsula zgloba je prekrivena sinovijalnom membranom. Zglobna šupljina je ispunjena sinovijalnom tečnošću koja ima ulogu metaboličkog medijuma i omogućava lubrikaciju. Temporomandibularni disk ima kompleksnu strukturu i veoma važne uloge koje omogućavaju širok spektar pokreta u zglobu i fiziološki prenos pritiska. Disk deli zglobnu šupljinu na dva zasbena sprata koji predstavljaju jednu funkcionalnu jedinicu. Morfološki ima bikonkavan oblik. Po debljini može podeliti na zone od kojih je intermedijalna najtanja. Najkompleksniju strukturu ima posteriorna, bilaminarna zona, između čijih lamina se nalazi dobro vaskularizovano retrodiskalno tkivo. Disk se u toku funkcije stalno prilagođava izmenjenom položaju zglobnih površina zahvaljujući specifičnom rasporedu i valovitoj strukturi kolagenih vlakana, ali i prisustvu elatičnih i oksitalanskih vlakana.
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