NEUROLOŠKI POREMEĆAJI KOD BOLESNIKA SA KORONAVIRUSNOM BOLEŠĆU 2019
Sažetak
Pored respiratornih simptoma, bolesnici sa bolešću izazvanom korona virusom COVID-19 često imaju neurološke, kardiološke, gastroenterološke i druge simptome. Najčešće neuro-loške tegobe su glavobolja, mijalgije, vrtoglavica, pojava akutne cerebrovaskularne bolesti, kao i poremećaji čula ukusa i mirisa. Retrogradno, analizirali smo klinički tok, komorbiditete, demografske, hematološke i biohemijske karakteristike 230 bolesnika, koji su u kliničkoj slici COVID-19 virusa ispoljili neurološke simptome. Dijagnoza oboljenja izazvanog virusom COVID-19 postavljena je na osnovu brzog antigenskog i PCR (polimeraza lančane reakcije) testa. U dijagnostici neuroloških poremećaja, osim neurološkog pregleda, primenjivane su kompjuterizovana tomografija, elektroencefalografija, kao i lumbalna punkcija. Težina bolesti procenjena je na osnovu Australijskog vodiča za težinu kliničke slike oboljenja izazvanog virusom COVID-19. Statistička analiza rađena je pomoću Statističkog paketa za društvene nauke (SPSS, verzija 16). Verovatnoća p < 0,05 smatrana je značajnom.
Najčešći uzrast ispitanika bio je od 51 godine do 60 godina (prosek 52,7 godina ± 10,3 godine). Značajna većina bolesnika osećala je slabost/malaksalost (95,7%), imala je povišenu telesnu temperaturu (90,9%), kašalj (75,7%) i osećala je stezanje/bol u grudima (65,2%). Komorbiditeti su bili prisutni kod 69,6% ispitanika. Najčešće su bile kardiovaskularne bolesti (90,6%) i gojaznost (82,5%), zatim astma / hronična opstruktivna bolest pluća (50,6%), diabetes mellitus (40%), gastrointestinalne (26,9%) i psihijatrijske bolesti (16,3%). Značajna većina bolesnika imala je u laboratorijskim analizama povišen nivo laktat dehidrogenaze, kreatin kinaze, c-reaktivnog proteina (95,7%; 82,5% i 79,1%) i leukopeniju (82,6%). Značajna učestalost neuroloških simptoma podrazumevala je glavobolju (94,3%), poremećaj čula mirisa i ukusa i mijalgije (90,9%; 84,8%; 88,7%). U odnosu na težinu oboljenja izazvanog COVID-19 virusom, bolesnici sa težom bolešću bili su značajno češće uzrasta preko 50 godina (78,2%), sa prisustvom vrtoglavice i akutne cerebrovaskularne bolesti. Ovi bolesnici značajno češće imali su komorbiditete.
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