DIJAGNOZA I HIRURŠKO LEČENJE MELANOMA – KRATKI PREGLED
Sažetak
Melanom je redak, ali najsmrtonosniji oblik karcinoma kože. U ranim fazama, melanom se može uspešno lečiti hirurški i stope preživljavanje su visoke. Međutim, kod bolesnika sa prisustvom metastaza, stopa preživljavanja značajno opada. Stoga su rana i ispravna dijagnoza, pravovremeno upućivanje i pravilno lečenje ključni za obezbeđivanje najbolje moguće prognoze bolesnika. Takođe, multidisciplanirni pristup veoma je važan.
Dijagnoza melanoma uglavnom se postavlja dermoskopskim pregledom suspektnih, pigmentnih lezija. Pogrešna dijagnoza melanoma jedan je od najčešćih razloga pokretanja tužbi za pogresno lečenje, kada su patolozi i dermatolozi u pitanju, odmah posle raka dojke.
Što se tiče lečenja metastatskog melanoma, u poslednjih 10 godina razvijeno je nekoliko novih lekova, koji su značajno poboljšali prognozu bolesnika koji boluju od ove bolesti. Međutim, većina bolesnika ne pokazuje trajni odgovor na ove tretmane. Stoga su potrebni novi biomarkeri i nova ciljna mesta za delovanje lekova, kako bi se poboljšali tačnost dijagnoze i lečenje melanoma.
Ovaj članak govori o trenutnom stanju dijagnoze i lečenja melanoma kod nas i u svetu, na osnovu opšte prihvaćenog konsenzusa u ovoj oblasti i aktuelnih vodiča sa preporukama o lečenju. Takođe, pomenuti su i delovi koji su u algoritmu lečenja ostali otvoreni,tj. nedovoljno jasno definisani.
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