FAKTORI RIZIKA ZA RAZVOJ KARCINOMA ŽELUCA – ISKUSTVO JEDNOG CENTRA
Sažetak
Karcinom želuca je četvrti najčešći karcinom na svetu, sa preko milion novih slučajeva godišnje i preko 750 000 smrtnih ishoda od karcinoma. Najviša incidencija beleži se u Japanu i Kini, istočnoj Evropi i Južnoj Americi, a najniža u Africi. Bolest je dva do tri puta češća kod muškaraca i kod osoba starijih od 60 godina, ali se granica pomera ka mlađem uzrastu. Petogodišnje preživljavanje u evropskim zemljama je od 10% do 30%. Ovo je multifaktorijalna bolest, a najvažniji faktori rizika su: infekcija bakterijom Helicobacter pylori, pušenje, konzumiranje alkohola, muški bol, starije životno doba, smanjen unos povrća i voća, genetska predispozicija, šećerna bolest i dr.
Prospektivno istraživanje sprovedeno je na odabranoj populaciji od 43 bolesnika sa dijagnozom dva najčešća tipa karcinoma želuca: adenokarcinom i signet ring cell tip karcinom. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika bilo je 32 muškarca i 11 žena, prosečnih godina starosti 68,83 godine ± 9,26 godina. Među obolelima bilo je 39,5% pušača, 20,9% konzumenata alkohola, 62,8% ispitanika sa nalazom Helicobacter pylori i 16,3% obolelih od šećerne bolesti. Analiza povezanosti pola, godina, pušenja, unosa alkohola i šećerne bolesti sa tipom karcinoma nije pokazala statističku značajnost. Učestalost H. pylori statistički se značajno razlikovala u odnosu na tip karcinoma (p = 0,007).
U našem ispitivanju nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između muškog pola, mlađe populacije, pušača, hroničnih konzumenata alkohola i bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću i oboljevanja od određenog tipa karcinoma. Infekcija bakterijom Helicobacter pylori pokazala se kao ključan faktor u razvoju oba tipa karcinoma želuca. Ovo istraživanje obuhvatilo je manji uzorak ispitanika, te je neophodno ispitivanje na većem broju bolensika.
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