BOBIČASTO VOĆE KAO PRIRODNO SREDSTVO POTPORE KOSTIJU: UČEŠĆE ANTOCIJANA U MOLEKULARNIM MEHANIZMIMA PROCESA ZALEČENJA I REGENERACIJE
Sažetak
Koštano tkivo ima izuzetan potencijal samoregeneracije koji, u slučaju da dođe do povrede, omogućava povratak u potpuno funkcionalno stanje pre povrede. Međutim, starenje, bolesti, gojaznost, traume, višestruki prelomi, infekcije i uklanjanje tumora uzrokuju velike koštane defekte koji se ne mogu spontano zalečiti. Kako bi zaceljenje i regeneracija kostiju bili uspešni, razvijeni su različiti pristupi, među kojima su i primena autografta, alografta i tkivnog inženjerstva kosti. Jedan od pristupa zasniva se na saznanju da gubitak kostiju kod ljudi i kod mnogih životinja u toku starenja delimično izaziva akumulacija reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika. Zbog spektra bioloških aktivnosti, uključujući i onu antioksidativnu, esencijalna polifenolna jedinjenja ‒ antocijani ‒ deo su značajne oblasti istraživanja povezane sa sredstvima i metodama koje se koriste za zaceljenje i regeneraciju kostiju. Bobičasto voće je posebno bogato antocijanima. Na osnovu in vitro i in vivo proučavanja molekularnih mehanizama uključenih u zaceljenje i regeneraciju kostiju koji su potpomognuti antocijanima iz bobičastog voća i na osnovu opservacionih istraživanja sprovedenih među ljudima, utvrđeno je da antocijani bobičastog voća pospešuju osteoblastogenezu, suzbijaju osteoklastogenezu i imaju osteoimunološku aktivnost. Dakle, antocijane iz bobičastog voća treba smatrati potencijalnim, široko rasprostranjenim terapijskim sredstvom davanja potpore kostima. Ipak, pre primene bobičastog voća kao prirodnog sredstva potpore kostima, treba se pozabaviti pojašnjenjem molekularnih mehanizama delovanja antocijana u metabolizmu kostiju i utvrđivanjem efikasnih doza konkretnih antocijana za terapiju regeneracije kostiju. Takođe, treba sprovesti kliničke studije kako bi se utvrdila terapijska efikasnost različitih tipova i koncentracija antocijana.
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