THE EPIDEMIOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE BOLNIČKIH INFEKCIJA IZAZVANIH BAKTERIJOM CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE U UNIVERZITETSKOM KLINIČKOM CENTRU NIŠ
Sažetak
Bolničke (nozokomijalne, intrahospitalne) infekcije predstavljaju najveći izazov u zdravstvu u razvijenim zemljama. Infekcije izazvane bakterijom Clostridium difficile ozbiljan su medicinski problem već godinama. I pored konstantnog napredovanja i usavršavanja dijagnostičkih i terapijskih procedura, ova infekcija je i dalje jedna od najčešćih i najtežih infekcija stečenih u bolničkoj sredini. Došlo je i do porasta incidencije, obolevanja, smrtnosti, kao i težine kliničke slike. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se sagleda epidemiološka situacija u vezi sa bolničkim infekcijama izazvanim bakterijom Clostridium difficile u Univerzitetskom kliničkom centru u Nišu u periodu od 2015. do 2019. godine. Ovo istraživanje je pokazalo da je bakterija Clostridium difficile bila najčešći uzročnik bolničkih infekcija gastrointestinalnog sistema; dokazana je čak kod 48% ispitanih uzoraka. Mere sprečavanja širenja bakterije Clostridium difficile u bolničkoj sredini zasnivaju se na poznavanju puteva prenošenja. Godine 1995. date su prve preporuke za prevenciju i kontrolu, a Centri za prevenciju i kontrolu bolesti u Atlanti objavili su preporuke za prevenciju širenja bakterije Clostridium difficile u zdravstvenim ustanovama, koje su dopunjene 2005. godine. Dodate su i preporuke za higijenu ruku posle kontakta sa bolesnikom sa bakterijom Clostridium difficile. Evropski centar za prevenciju i kontrolu bolesti publikovao je 2008. godine nove preporuke. Godine 2010. SHEA (engl. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America) i IDSA (engl. Infectious Diseases Society of America) izdale su najnovije preporuke. Sveobuhvatna istraživanja i objašnjenja u vezi sa međusobnim odnosima različitih aspekata važnih za borbu sa efektima prouzrokovanim bakterijom Clostridium difficile omogućila bi da se bolje i jasnije razumeju razni faktori koji su od značaja za unapređenje znanja ne samo članova akademske zajednice nego i profesionalaca u praksi. Na taj način mogla bi se proširiti teorijska saznanja, ali i poboljšati načini reagovanja u praksi u veoma važnoj oblasti javnog zdravlja. Dakle, studije o potencijalnim i značajnim faktorima koji utiču na zdravlje ljudi, a posebno o oboljenjima prouzrokovanim bakterijom Clostridium difficile u bolničkim uslovima, moraju se postaviti kao svojevrstan imperativ, kako u naučnoj sferi, tako i u medicinskoj praksi.
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