UTICAJ RADIOTERAPIJE NA PSIHOEMOCIONALNE KARAKTERISTIKE PACIJENATA SA MALIGNIM BOLESTIMA
Sažetak
Stres može značajno uticati na kvalitet života pacijenata sa malignim bolestima i na njihovo iskustvo u vezi sa primenjenom terapijom. Budući da je radioterapija jedan od najvažnijih terapijskih pristupa u lečenju malignih bolesti, neophodno je da se razume njen uticaj na psihoemocionalno zdravlje kako bi se mogle osmisliti sveobuhvatne strategije za očuvanje i poboljšanje psihičkog i fizičkog zdravlja pacijenata.
U ovom istraživanju ispitivali su se efekti radioterapije na psihoemoconalne karakteristike pacijenata sa malignim bolestima. Takođe, analizirani su efekti primene radioterapije kombinovane sa hormonskom terapijom, biološkom terapijom i hemoterapijom. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da, uprkos prisustvu stresa kod pacijenata koji primaju radioterapiju, postoje promene u njihovoj emocionalnoj kompetenciji, reakcijama na stres, depresiji i intrinzičnoj religioznosti slične onima koje doživljavaju zdrave osobe. Pacijenti podvrgnuti radioterapiji imali su značajno niži rezultat na Indeksu interpersonalne reaktivnosti (engl. interpersonal reactivity index ‒ IRI), na Skali altruizma i na Bekovom indeksu anksioznosti (engl. Beck anxiety inventory−BAI) u poređenju sa zdravim ispitanicima.
Porast nuspojava kod pacijenata koji primaju radioterapiju ukazuje na traženje spoljašnjih opravdanja za postojeću bolest. Uvođenje hormonske terapije značajno je povećalo stepen religioznosti i poboljšalo prihvatanje bolesti u emocionalnom smislu. Nasuprot tome, biološka terapija je dovela do smanjenja stepena religioznosti verovatno zbog nepoznavanja mogućih ishoda i posledica primene ove metode lečenja. Važno je pomenuti da hemoterapija nije značajno promenila psihoemocionalne karakteristike izazvane radioterapijom, što može učvrstiti shvatanje da poznavanje terapijskih modaliteta može podsteći emocionalnu otpornost i osećaj kontrole kod pacijenata. U zaključku ovog istraživanja naglašena je važnost očuvanja psihoemocionalnog blagostanja za lečenje i sveobuhvatnu negu pacijenata sa malignim bolestima koji su bili podvrgnuti radioterapiji.
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