Fear of cancer recurrence and social support among Indonesian gynaecological cancer survivors
Abstract
Background: Fear of cancer recurrence is a long-term psychological problem of the cancer survivors regardless of the type of cancer. A growing number of studies had addressed fear of cancer recurrence, yet they are largely focused on the breast cancer survivors of the western world countries. This study investigates the fear of cancer recurrence and its relations to social support in Indonesian gynecological cancer survivors. Methods: Gynecological cancer survivors (n = 153) in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia completed Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, socio-demographic and clinically-related characteristics questionnaires. Pearson r correlation tests, t-tests, and ANOVAs were used to identify the relationships between variables, and linear regression to determine to what extent the social support may predict the survivors’ fear of recurrence. Results: Indonesian gynecological cancer survivors with higher social support were more likely to experience lower levels of fear of cancer recurrence. Whereas, having a family history of cancer was an important predictor of fear of cancer recurrence levels. Conclusion: Social support plays an essential role in predicting fear of cancer recurrence among Indonesian gynecological cancer survivors.
References
van de Wal M, van de Poll-Franse L, Prins J, Gielissen M. Does fear of cancer recurrence differ between cancer types? A study from the population-based PROFILES registry. Psychooncology. 2016;25:772–8. DOI: 10.1002/pon.4002. Pubmed PMID: 26464337.
Salani R, Khanna N, Frimer M, Bristow RE, Chen L may. An update on post-treatment surveillance and diagnosis of recurrence in women with gynecologic malignancies: Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) recommendations. Gynecol Oncol. 2017;146(1):3–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.022. Pubmed PMID: 28372871.
Roberts K, Clarke C. Future disorientation following gynaecological cancer: Women’s conceptualisation of risk after a life threatening illness. Heal Risk Soc. 2009;11(4):353–66. DOI: 10.1080/13698570903013623.
Ferrell B, Smith SL, Juarez G, Melancon C. Meaning of illness and spirituality in ovarian cancer survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2003;30(2):249–57. DOI: 10.1188/03.ONF.249-257. Pubmed PMID: 12692659.
Simonelli LE, Siegel SD, Duffy NM. Fear of cancer recurrence: a theoretical review and its relevance for clinical presentation and management. Psychooncology. 2017;26(10):1444–54. DOI: 10.1002/pon.4168. Pubmed PMID: 27246348.
Jimenez RB, Perez GK, Rabin J, Hall D, Quain K, Park E, et al. Fear of recurrence among cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(15):10053. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.10053.
Crist J V., Grunfeld EA. Factors reported to influence fear of recurrence in cancer patients: A systematic review. Psychooncology. 2013;22(5):978–86. DOI: 10.1002/pon.3114. Pubmed PMID: 22674873.
Janz NK, Hawley ST, Mujahid MS, Griggs JJ, Alderman A, Hamilton AS, et al. Correlates of Worry about Recurrence in a Multi-Ethnic Population-Based Sample of Women with Breast Cancer. Cancer. 2011;117(9):1827–1836. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25740. Pubmed PMID: 21445916.
Taylor TR, Huntley ED, Sween J, Makambi K, Mellman TA, Williams CD, et al. An Exploratory Analysis of Fear of Recurrence among African-American Breast Cancer Survivors. Int J Behav Med. 2012;19(3):280–287. DOI: 10.1007/s12529-011-9183-4. Pubmed PMID: 21915625.
Akyüz A, Güvenç G, Ustünsöz A, Kaya T. Living With Gynecologic Cancer: Experience of Women and Their Partners. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2008;40(3):241–7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2008.00232.x. Pubmed PMID: 18840207.
Laranjeira C, Leao PP, Leal I. Meaning of life after cancer: An existential-phenomenological approach to female cancer survival. Womens Stud Int Forum. 2013;40:132–43. DOI: 10.1177/1084822313516793.
Aghdam AM, Rahmani A, Nejad ZK, Ferguson C, Mohammadpoorasl A, Sanaat Z. Fear of cancer recurrence and its predictive factors among Iranian cancer patients. Indian J Palliat Care. 2014;20(2):128. DOI: 10.4103/0973-1075.132632. Pubmed PMID: 25125869.
Myers SB, Manne SL, Kissane DW, Ozga M, Kashy DA, Heckman C, et al. Social-Cognitive Processes Associated with Fear of Recurrence Among Women Newly Diagnosed with Gynecological Cancers. Gynecol Oncol. 2013;128(1):120–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.10.014. Pubmed PMID: 23088925.
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Data and information on cancer situation (Data dan Informasi Kesehatan Situasi Penyakit Kanker). Bul Kanker. 2015;1(1):1–5.
National Statistics Bureau of Indonesia. National Population of Indonesia (2010-2035) [Internet]. 2017. 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 29]. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/1274
Allemani C, Weir HK, Carreira H, Harewood R, Spika D, Wang XS, et al. Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995-2009: Analysis of individual data for 25 676 887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2). Lancet. 2015;385(9972):977–1010. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62038-9. Pubmed PMID: 25467588.
Putri RH, Afiyanti Y, Ungsianik T, Milanti A. Supportive care needs and quality of life of patients with gynecological cancer undergoing therapy. Enfermería Clínica. 2017;27(Suppl. Part I):222–6. DOI: 10.1016/S1130-8621(18)30072-X. Pubmed PMID: 29650191.
Mulder N. Inside Indonesian Society: Cultural Change in Java. Yogyakarta: Kanisius; 2005.
Erfina E, Afiyanti Y, Rachmawati IN. Pengalaman perempuan setelah menjalani terapi kanker serviks di RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. J Keperawatan Indones. 2010;13(3):153–9.
Susanti DD, Hamid AYS, Afiyanti Y. Pengalaman spiritual perempuan kanker serviks. J Keperawatan Indones. 2011;14(1):15–22.
Britannica TE of E. East Kalimantan [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Jan 15]. p. 1–6. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Kalimantan
Cohen S, Hoberman H. Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1983;13:99–125. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb02325.x.
Merz EL, Roesch SC, Malcarne VL, Penedo FJ, Llabre MM, Weitzman OB, et al. Validation of Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12 (ISEL-12) scores among English- and Spanish-speaking Hispanics/Latinos from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Psychol Assess. 2014;26(2):384–94. DOI: 10.1037/a0035248. Pubmed PMID: 24320763.
Payne TJ, Andrew M, Butler KR, Wyatt SB, Dubbert PM, Mosley TH. Psychometric evaluation of the interpersonal support evaluation list-short form in the ARIC study cohort. SAGE Open. 2012;2(3):1–8. DOI: 10.1177/2158244012461923.
Brookings JB, Bolton B. Confirmatory factor analysis of the interpersonal support evaluation list. Am J Community Psychol. 1988;16(1):137–47. Pubmed PMID: 3369379.
Faizah N. Pengaruh dukungan sosial dan forgiveness terhadap kekerasan seksual pada remaja. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah; 2015.
Simard S, Savard J. Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory: Development and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of fear of cancer recurrence. Support Care Cancer. 2009;17(3):241–51. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-008-0444-y. Pubmed PMID: 18414902.
Simard S, Savard J. Screening and comorbidity of clinical levels of fear of cancer recurrence. J Cancer Surviv. 2015;9(3):481–91. DOI: 10.1007/s11764-015-0424-4. Pubmed PMID: 25603948.
Thewes B, Butow P, Zachariae R, Christensen S, Simard S, Gotay C. Fear of cancer recurrence: A systematic literature review of self-report measures. Psychooncology. 2012;21(6):571–87. DOI: 10.1002/pon.2070. Pubmed PMID: 22021099.
Lebel S, Simard S, Harris C, Feldstain A, Beattie S, McCallum M, et al. Empirical validation of the English version of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory. Qual Life Res. 2016;25(2):311–21. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1088-2. Pubmed PMID: 26341969.
Sukyati I. Faktor prediksi ketakutan kambuh dan kualitas hidup penyintas kanker ginekologi (Predicting factors of fear of cancer recurrence and quality of life in gynaecological cancer survivors). Universitas Indonesia; 2018.
Mehnert A, Koch U, Sundermann C, Dinkel A. Predictors of fear of recurrence in patients one year after cancer rehabilitation: A prospective study. Acta Oncol. 2013;52(6):1102–9. DOI: 10.3109/0284186X.2013.765063. Pubmed PMID: 23384721.
Bilenas J V. Using Categorical Variables in Regression Analysis. 2017. Available at https://analytics.ncsu.edu/sesug/2017/SESUG2017_Paper-29_Final_PDF.pdf.
Koch-Gallenkamp L, Bertram H, Eberle A, Holleczek B, Schmid-Hopfner S, Waldmann A, et al. Fear of recurrence in long-term cancer survivors-Do cancer type, sex, time since diagnosis, and social support matter? Health Psychology. 2016;35:1329–33. DOI: 10.1037/hea0000374. Pubmed PMID: 27175578.
Simard S, Thewes B, Humphris G, Dixon M, Hayden C, Mireskandari S, et al. Fear of cancer recurrence in adult cancer survivors: A systematic review of quantitative studies. J Cancer Surviv. 2013;7(3):300–22. DOI: 10.1007/s11764-013-0272-z. Pubmed PMID: 23475398.
Hart SL, Latini DM, Cowan JE, Carroll PR, Cochran JS, Kane CJ, et al. Fear of recurrence, treatment satisfaction, and quality of life after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2008;16(2):161–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-007-0296-x. Pubmed PMID: 17638026.
Vivar CG, Canga N, Canga AD, Arantzamendi M. The psychosocial impact of recurrence on cancer survivors and family members: A narrative review. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65(4):724–36. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04939.x. Pubmed PMID: 19228235.
Song J-L, Chen C, Yuan J-P, Sun S-R. The association between prognosis of breast cancer and first-degree family history of breast or ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fam Cancer. 2017;16(3):339–49. DOI: 10.1007/s10689-017-9969-x. Pubmed PMID: 28176206.
Win AK, Reece JC, Ryan S. Family history and risk of endometrial cancer : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125(1):89–98. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000563. Pubmed PMID: 25560109.
Zelmanowicz A, Hildesheim A. Family history of cancer as a risk factor for cervical carcinoma: a review of the literature. Papillomavirus Rep. 2004; 15(3):113–20. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21048. Pubmed PMID: 15818615.
Cordova MJ, Cunningham LLC, Carlson CR, Andrykowski MA. Social constraints, cognitive processing, and adjustment to breast cancer. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69(4):706–11. Pubmed PMID: 11550737.
Lee-Jones C, Dixon R. Fear of cancer recurrence-a literature review and proposed cognitive formulation to explain exacerbation of recurrent fears. Psychooncology. 1997;6(July 1995):95–105. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1611(199706)6:2<95::AID-PON250>3.0.CO;2-B. Pubmed PMID: 9205967.
Isham J, Kahkonen S. How do participation and social capital affect community-based water projects? Evidence from Central Java,Indonesia. In: Grootaert C, van Bastelaer T, editors. The Role of Social Capital in Development: An Empirical Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002. p. 155.
So WKW, Leung DYP, Ho SSM, Lai ETL, Sit JWH, Chan CWH. Associations between social support, prevalent symptoms and health-related quality of life in Chinese women undergoing treatment for breast cancer: A cross-sectional study using structural equation modelling. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2013;17(4):442–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2012.11.001. Pubmed PMID: 23238353.
Li CC, Chen ML, Chang TC, Chou HH, Chen MY. Social support buffers the effect of self-esteem on quality of life of early-stage cervical cancer survivors in Taiwan. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2015;19(5):486–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2015.02.008. Pubmed PMID: 25782718.
Drageset S, Lindstrøm TC, Giske T, Underlid K. Women’s experiences of social support during the first year following primary breast cancer surgery. Scand J Caring Sci. 2016;30(2):340–8. DOI: 10.1111/scs.12250. Pubmed PMID: 26179112.
Meyer A, Coroiu A, Korner A. One-to-one peer support in cancer care: a review of scholarship published between 2007 and 2014. Eur J Cancer Care. 2015;24(3):299–312. DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12273. Pubmed PMID: 25512107.
Ferrell B, Smith SL, Cullinane CA, Melancon C. Psychological well being and quality of life in ovarian cancer survivors. Cancer. 2003;98(5):1061–71. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11291. Pubmed PMID: 12942576.
Sekse R, Raaheim M, Blaaka G, Gjengedal E. Cancer as a life-changing process: Women’s experiences five years after treatment for gynaecological cancer. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2009;4(4):288–98. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00778.x. Pubmed PMID: 20487404.
Ussher J, Kirsten L, Butow P, Sandoval M. What do cancer support groups provide which other supportive relationships do not? The experience of peer support groups for people with cancer. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(10):2565–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.10.034. Pubmed PMID: 16303220.
Nuranna L, Prastasari R, Sutrisna B. Survival of cervical cancer patients and its prognostic factors at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta. Med J Indones. 2014;23(3):163–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v23i3.739.
Schiller A. Activism and identities in an East Kalimantan Dayak organization. J Asian Stud. University of Edinburgh; 2007;66(1):63–95.
Laranjeira C, Leao PP, Leal I. Temporal Experience Among Women Gynecological Cancer Survivors: A Lifeworld Perspective. Affil J Women Soc Work. 2015;30(2):170–86. DOI: 10.1177/0886109914541116.
Toombs SK. The temporality of illness: Four levels of experience. Theor Med. 1990;11(3):227–41. Pubmed PMID: 2247858.
