WHO ARE THE INTELLECTUALS: A MODERNIST AND POSTMODERNIST DISCURSIVE PERSPECTIVE
Abstract
Defining the position and importance of intellectuals in contemporary societies is one of the most important issues concerning its functioning. Accordingly, the paper deals, on the one hand, with the characteristics and social roles of intellectuals in modernist and postmodernist times and contexts. On the other hand, intellectuals are analyzed as an autonomous class, class dependent or non-class phenomenon. The discussion begins with a distinction between Western and Eastern concepts of intelligentsia, and defining the concept of paresis as essential for understanding the discourses/metanarratives of intellectuals. Postamental attributes of modernist and postmodernist intellectuals are necessarily connected with the general characteristics of the projects of modernity and postmodernity and with the original social, narrative, discursive, crisis and cultural characteristics of the time, i.e. the context, in which their engagement takes place, develops, and maintains. The paper ends by identifying essential premises for the analysis of Serbian intellectuals.
References
Bauman 1992: Zygmunt Bauman Intimations of Postmodernity. London: Routledge.
Bauman 1995: Zygmunt Bauman Life in Fragments: Essays in Postmodern Morality. Oxford: Blackwell.
Benda [1928] 2014: Julien Benda The Treason of the Intellectuals. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Benjamin 1968: Walter Benjamin, “Theses on the Philosophy of History,” in Walter Benjamin, Illuminations, Essays and Reflections, Hannah Arendt (ed.), New York: Schocken Books, 253-256.
Bourdieu 1989: Pierre Bourdieu „The corporatism of the universal: the role of intellectuals in the modern world“, Telos, 81, 99–110. DOI: 10.3817/0989081099
Bourdieu 1990: Pierre Bourdieu Homo academicus. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Collini 2006: Stefan Collini Absent Minds: Intellectuals in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Collins 1998: Randall Collins The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global theory of Intellectual Change. Cambridge: The Belknap Press.
Coser 1965: Lewis A. Coser Men of Ideas. New York: Free Press.
Foucault 2001: Michel Foucault Faerless Speech. Los Angeles: Semiotext(e).
Foucault 1977: Michel Foucault Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Gane [1993] 2003: Mike Gane (ed.) Baudrillard Live: Selected Interview. London: Routledge.
Gella 1976: Aleksander Gella „An Introduction to the Sociology of the Intelligentsia,“ in Aleksander Gella (ed.) The Intelligentsia and the Intellectuals: Theory, Method and Case Study. London: SAGE, 9-37.
Gouldner 1979: Alvin W. Gouldner The Future of Intellectuals and the Rise of the New Class: A Frame of Reference, Theses, Conjectures, Arguments, and an Historical Perspective on the Role of Intellectuals and Intelligentsia in the International Class Contest of the Modern Era. London: The Macmillan Press.
Gramsci 1971: Antonio Gramsci Selections from the Prison Notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
Horkheimer and Adorno [1947] 2002: Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno Dialectic of Enlightenment. New York: Continuum. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Jacoby 1987: Russell Jacoby The Last Intellectuals: American Culture in the Age of Academe. New York: Basic.
Kurzman-Owens 2002: Charles Kurzman and Lynn Owens „The sociology of intellectuals,“ Annual Review of Sociology, 63, 63-90. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.140745
Lyotard 1984: Jean-François Lyotard The Postmodern Condition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Lyotard 1993: Jean-François Lyotard Political Writings. London: UCL Press.
MacIntyre 2006: Alasdair Macintyre „Social structures and their threats to moral agency,“ in Alasdair MacIntyre Ethics and Politics, Selected Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 184-206. DOI:.1017/CBO9780511606670.012
Mannheim [1932] 1993: Karl Mannheim „The sociology of intellectuals,“ Theory, Culture & Society, 10(3), 69–80. DOI: 10.1177/026327693010003004
Mannheim [1936] 1998: Karl Mannheim Ideology and Utopia. London: Routledge.
Sadri 1992: Ahmad Sadri Max Weber's Sociology of Intellectuals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Said 1996: Edward Said Representations of the Intellectual: The Reith Lectures. New York: Vintage Books.
Sartre [1974] 2008: Jean-Paul Sartre 2008: Between Existentialism and Marxism. London: Verso.
Szelenyi 1982: Ivan Szelenyi “Gouldner’s theory of intellectuals as a flawed universal class.” Theory and Society, 11, 779–798. DOI: 10.1007/BF00173630
Shils 1955: Edward Shils „The intellectuals:-(I) Great Britain“, Encounter, 4(4), 5–16.
Shils 1958: Edward Shils „The intellectuals and the powers: Some perspectives for comparative analysis“, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1(1), 5–22. DOI: 10.1017/S0010417500000049
Stojanović 2016: Đorđe Stojanović „Postmodernizam u društvenim naukama: stanje paradigme,“ Srpska politička misao (posebno izdanje), 3, 5-37.
Wacquant 2004: Loïc Wacquant „Pointers on Pierre Bourdieu and Democratic Politics,“ Constellations, 11(1), 3-15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1351-0487.2004.00358.x