Uticaj buke na zdravlje. Mere za kontrolu prevelikog nivoa buke u saobraćaju
Sažetak
Brojna istraživanja su pokazala da zagađenje bukom ima negativne efekte na ljudsko zdravlje. U današnje vreme, buka u životnoj sredini je postala značajan problem u većini zemalja. Zagađenje bukom je širenje neželjenih zvukova u okolini. Buka je skoro uvek oko nas. Među faktorima životne sredine koji izazivaju zdravstvene posledice, buka u okruženju je na drugom mestu po značaju, odmah posle zagađenja vazduha. Zbog buke sa puteva, železnice i aerodroma, jedna od tri osobe iskusi uznemirenost tokom dana, a svaka peta ima poremećaj sna noću.
Fizički zdravstveni efekti zagađenja bukom mogu se javiti kao direktan ili indirektan rezultat izloženosti buci. U teškim slučajevima, glasni zvuci mogu direktno uzrokovati oštećenje sluha. Ova prekomerna buka ozbiljno šteti ljudskom zdravlju i ometa svakodnevne aktivnosti ljudi u školi, na poslu, kod kuće i u slobodnom vremenu. Hronična izloženost buci životne sredine takođe značajno utiče na fizičko i mentalno zdravlje.
Buka drumskog saobraćaja je najčešći izvor buke u životnoj sredini i najviše doprinosi ukupnim efektima buke na zdravlje. Ako se utvrdi da je smanjenje buke izvodljivo i odgovarajuće, jedna od najčešćih tehnika za redukciju buke su barijere za buku. Od nekoliko tehnologija koje su dostupne nadležnima za puteve, primena materijala koji smanjuju buku za izgradnju puteva, nije samo najisplativija, već se može primeniti u kratkom roku.
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