Procena balansnih sposobnosti kod pacijenata sa unilateralnim transtibijalnim amputacijama u pretprotetičkoj fazi rehabilitacije nakon sprovedenih vežbi balansa
Sažetak
Uvod: Unilateralne transtibijalne amputacije su među prvim amputacijama po učestalosti, predstavljajući veliki rehabilitacioni problem koji iziskuje angažovanje šireg rehabilitacionog tima. Kako bi se ovakav rehabilitacioni problem rešio i pacijent sa transtibijalnom amputacijom bio funkcionalno osposobljen neophodno je sprovesti adekvatan program vežbi balansa. Vežbe balansa, u preprotetičkoj fazi rehabilitacije, su od krucijalne važnosti u postizanju bolje neuromišićne kontrole, stabilnosti i funkcionalne mobilnosti pacijenta sa unilateralnim transtibijalnim amputacijama.
Cilj istraživanja je procena uticaja primenjenih vežbi balansa na balansne sposobnosti pacijenata.
Metod: U istraživanju su primenjivani programi vežbi koji su klasifikovani na lake, srednje teške i teške vežbe, a uz set vežbi ispitanici su bili izloženi različitim testovima koji imaju zadatak procene sposobnosti pacijenata u održavanju balansa: test reaktivne posturalne kontrole, test rizika od pada kod osoba sa amputacijama, test funkcionalnog dosega i skala inteziteta balansa. Testiranje je vršeno pre i posle primenjivanih programa vežbi balansa. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 25 ispitanika, pacijenti Specijalne bolnice za rehabilitaciju i ortopedsku protetiku, koji su učestvovali potpisivanjem obrasca dobrovoljnog pristanka informisanog pacijenta u istraživanju.
Rezultati: Na kraju perioda predviđenog za uvežbavanje balansnih reakcija, svi ispitanici iz eksperimentalne grupe nezavisno su održavali balans u toku pertubacija na balans ploči, tako da su ispitanici koji su imali lošiju ocenu u toku prvog pokušaja održavanja balansa na balans ploči, postizali pozitivniju ocenu od prethodne.
Zaključak: Vežbe balansa kod osoba sa unilateralnim transtibijalnim amputacijama su doprinele većem nivou funkcionalnih sposobnosti, mobilnosti i stabilnosti u aktivnostima svakodnevnog života.
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