STATE-OF-THE-ART MYCOTOXIN ANALYSIS: INSIGHTS FROM LC/MS-MS METHOD
Sažetak
Abstract: Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, known for their chemical and thermal stability, which makes them resistant to common food and feed processing methods. These toxins can contaminate food and feed, and cause a range of toxic effects upon ingestion, including mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and dermatotoxic effects. In recent years, liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has been increasingly utilized for mycotoxin determination due to its exceptional sensitivity and specificity. Recent literature highlights the use of various liquid chromatography systems for mycotoxin analysis, typically integrated with octadecylsilane columns, and employing gradient elution with mobile phases consisting of water, organic solvents, and appropriate optional modifiers. The studies reviewed predominantly utilized electrospray ionization in positive and negative mode, and mass spectrometric analysis in multiple reaction monitoring mode to ensure precise multi mycotoxin quantification. Specific configurations of liquid chromatography systems, such as ultra high performance liquid chromatography with different column types, and mass spectrometers, including triple quadrupole and QTrap tandem mass spectrometry systems, were mainly used. These advancements underscore the ongoing refinement and standardization of methodologies for accurate and efficient mycotoxin analysis in food matrices.
Sažetak: Mikotoksini su sekundarni metaboliti plesni i poznati su po svojoj hemijskoj i termičkoj stabilnosti, što ih čini otpornim na uobičajene metode obrade hrane i hrane za životinje. Mogu kontaminirati hranu i hranu za životinje, izazivajući niz toksičnih efekata prilikom unosa u organizam, uključujući mutagene, teratogene, kancerogene, imunotoksične, neurotoksicne, hepatotoksične i dermatotoksične efekte. Tečna hromatografija u kombinaciji sa tandem masenom spektrometrijom (LC-MS/MS) postala je dominantna analitička metoda za detekciju mikotoksina zbog svoje izuzetne osetljivosti i specifičnosti. Savremena literatura ukazuje na upotrebu različitih tečno-hromatografskih sistema, obično integrisanih sa oktadecilsilan kolonama, uz primenu gradijentnog načina eluiranja sa mobilnim fazama koje se najčešće sastoje od vode, organskih rastvarača i odgovarajućih modifikatora. U pregledanim studijama pretežno je korišćena elektrosprej jonizacija u pozitivnom i negativnom režimu i maseno-spektrometrijska analiza u režimu višestruke reakcije praćenja kako bi se obezbedila precizna kvantifikacija. Specifične konfiguracije tečno-hromatografskih sistema, kao što su ultra visokopritisna tečna hromatografija sa različitim vrstama kolona i masenim spektrometrima, uključujući trostruke kvadrupole i QTrap tandem masene sisteme, najčešće su korišćene. Ova dostignuća naglašavaju kontinuirani napredak i standardizaciju metodologija za tačnu i efikasnu analizu mikotoksina u prehrambenim uzorcima.
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