Glasnik Antropološkog društva Srbije

ŽIVOT SA DIJABETESOM U DOBA KOVID-19

2024-02-23T11:47:56+01:00

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of billions of people, especially those with chronic diseases such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the physical and mental health of diabetics living in the Balkans. The study was conducted as an online survey in April 2023. 129 people participated in the survey. 76 of them were diagnosed with type 1 and 53 with type 2 diabetes. 6.97% of all respondents had a close family member who died from the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and as many as 77.78% of these decedents suffered from diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. The majority of the respondents were also infected with SARS-CoV-2. Most of them were diagnosed with diabetes before infection, and SARS-CoV-2-induced diabetes was mainly type 2. Although they regularly took prescribed pharmacotherapy and nutritional supplements, blood glucose was elevated in half of them, while D-dimer levels were elevated mainly in type 2 diabetics. Also, hospitalization during the acute phase was more frequent in type 2 diabetic patients. Most diabetics suffered from sleep disorders (p < 0.01), and type 2 diabetics also suffered from nightmares (p < 0.05). Consequently, the use of anxiolytics and antidepressants was more frequent in type 2 diabetic patients. Recovery was significantly faster in type 1 diabetics, due to less comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular and liver diseases, which were more common in type 2 patients.

THE ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS TOWARDS INSTAGRAM DENTAL MARKETING, ONLINE COMMUNICATION WITH DENTISTS, AND INFORMATION ABOUT ORAL HEALTH ON THE INTERNET

2024-02-23T11:47:57+01:00

Introduction: Information about oral health available on the Internet, videos of dental procedures on YouTube, and Facebook groups, whose members are dentists, have contributed to dentistry finding its place online.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes and behavior of student population towards: dental marketing on Instagram, patient-dentist relationship through social media, and information about oral health found on the Internet.

Participants and Methods: The research included 226 students of the University of Niš, who participated in an anonymous online survey of 16 questions created in Google Forms.

Results: Every sixth respondent from those who follow a dental office on Instagram have chosen the office because of Instagram. Females search for dentists more frequently on the Internet than males. Most of the respondents, who are friends with dentist on a social network, still most often contact them by phone. The oldest respondents do not find it appropriate to be friends with a dentist on social media. The majority of those who are unsure about the accuracy of oral health informations from the Internet, do not discuss them with their dentist.

Conclusion: Instagram does not play a key role in the choice of a dentist among respondents, and communication with a dentist through social media is less prevalent than other forms of communication with a dentist. However, more than half of the respondents consult the Internet before going to the dentist.

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN THE POPULATION OF DENTISTRY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ, SERBIA

2024-02-23T11:47:57+01:00

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are characterized by discomfort, occasional or permanent pain in the joints, muscles, tendons and other soft tissues caused by the repetition of certain body movements or uncomfortable and forced body posture. Dentistry is considered a high-risk profession for the development of these disorders. The aim of the research was to investigate the occurrence of MSD in the population of dental students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia. Total of 170 dental students participated in the research. In order to examine the emergence and distribution of MSD, students filled out a modified Nordic questionnaire. The results showed that 70.6% of students suffer from MSD. MSD were almost equally represented in both genders (69.7% in male and 71.1% in female). The most common localization of pain was in the area of the upper back in 32.3% of cases. A total of 54.1% of students declared that the pain intensity was moderate and that in 41.2% of cases it lasted as long as the work with the patient. In 49.4% of cases, the pain does not affect practical work, and as a relief measure in 53.3% of cases, students use rest. MSD appear already in the first years of studies and tend to intensify with the length of studies. Given that musculoskeletal pain occurs already in the early period of student practice, it is necessary to study ergonomic factors that are of great importance for the occurrence and intensification of these disorders.

MOTIVATION TO LEARN

2024-02-23T11:47:57+01:00

Motivation to learn is associated with academic success, positive attitudes towards school, greater student and teacher satisfaction and better discipline. In developing the concept, motivation has been viewed as a personality trait or state depending on the situation, or as a combination of traits and states. The basic division that theorists have emphasised is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Since most activities are neither intrinsically nor extrinsically motivated, the idea arises that there is a continuum on which activities are located between fully intrinsically and fully extrinsically motivated, or that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are considered as two independent causes with the possibility of simultaneous action. This paper presents the basic theoretical concepts of motivation to learn and practical implications for the teaching process, namely: behaviourist approach to motivation, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-determination theory, theory of optimal experience, expectancy-value theories, goal theory, implicit theories of ability, attribution theory, self-efficacy beliefs and self-worth theory as well as the importance of interest in the subject of study. Most theories emphasise the importance of intrinsic motivation, while research and the reality of school systems show that it is sometimes necessary to rely on extrinsic motives and to use reward systems. There are many reasons why students learn. Personal interests, curiosity and an inner need for knowledge are probably the strongest drivers to engage in a particular activity. It is important to nurture and develop curiosity, interests, and the desire to learn as many different areas as possible.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE CHARACTERS’ IDENTITY IN A NOVEL “IMPURE BLOOD“ BY BORA STANKOVIĆ

2024-02-23T11:47:58+01:00

In light that the novel "Impure Blood" by Borisav Stanković covers the events, family and social relations, in the defined area, a small-town in the south of Serbia, at specific time, from 1850 to 1900, so make it possibly to research the aspects of human life as the central point of the turmoil of that time and that space. In interpretations of the parts from the novel "Impure Blood", the writer’s attitude towards individual human fates in social situations in Vranje, after liberation from the Turks, can be seen. The anthropological aspect of the problem issue is addressed to the main figures (Effendi-Mita and Landlord /“Gazda“/ Marko) of the social communities given in the novel, urban and rural, but also to their descendants. In this novel, Bora Stanković described a series of tragic fates of the characters who were often in disgrace of unwritten rules of their background and inherited patterns of manners. Bora's characters experienced a drama of identity due to the collapse of merchant families that had a prominent and privileged place in the small-town, but also because of the collision with new times that spreading rural families into town. This led to the mixing of two worlds in which money began to determine social relations and to disrupt self-reliance of personality. Therefore, all these circumstances further complicate the role of an unfinished man looking for his identity, confirming or denying the personal need and experience of ancestors. Stanković's characters are in deep discord with themselves and others, and as such they proved incapable and weak to struggle for their own identity. The paper is also dealing with possible reasons for such choice of the characters.