The Influence of GLOBE Culture Dimensions on Entrepreneurial Orientation in Tourism and Medical Service Sectors in Serbia

  • Milena Nedeljković Knežević Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad
  • Vanja Pavluković Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad

Abstract


The main objective of the research is to examine, for the first time, the influence of dimensions of culture according to the GLOBE model on the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation. The research sample belongs to the service sector within the transitional society of Serbia, i.e. tourism and medical sector, which are linked through the ever-growing health tourism industry. Different influences of dimensions of culture (uncertainty avoidance, performance orientation, group collectivism, assertiveness and gender equality) on dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (work ethic. innovativeness, empathy, autonomy and risk readiness) are confirmed. The obtained results are important for defining the cultural framework which influences the development of entrepreneurial activities within tourism and health service sectors in Serbia.

Author Biographies

Milena Nedeljković Knežević, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad
Associate Professor at the Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management
Vanja Pavluković, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3 21000 Novi Sad
Associate Professor at the Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management

References

Albert, M. N., & Couture, M. M. (2013). The support to an entrepreneur: from autonomy to dependence. Sage Open, 3(2), DOI:10.1177/2158244013492779.

Avlonitis, G. J., & Salavou, H. E. (2007). Entrepreneurial orientation of SMEs, product innovativeness, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 60(5), 566-575.

Baluku, M.M., Kikooma, J.F., Bantu, E., Onderi, P., Otto, K. (2019) Impact of personal cultural orientations and cultural intelligence on subjective success in self-employment in multi-ethnic societies. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9, 8

Bilgihan, A. and Nejad, M. (2015), "Innovation in hospitality and tourism industries", Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 6, 3.

Block, J. H., & Walter, G. S. (2017). Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and modes of entry into entrepreneurship. In J.

Bonnet, M. Dejardin, & D. Garcia Perez De Lema (Eds.), Exploring the entrepreneurial society institutions, behaviors and outcomes (pp. 22–34). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Bonder, B., Martin, L., & Miracle, A. (2001). Achieving cultural competence: The challenge for clients and healthcare workers in a multicultural society. Generations, 25(1), 35-42.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Castillo-Palacio, M., Batista-Canino, R. M., & Zuñiga-Collazos, A. (2017). The relationship between culture and entrepreneurship: from cultural dimensions of GLOBE project. Rev. Espacio 38, 12–26.

Carmichael, B. A., & Morrison, A. (2011). Tourism entrepreneurship research. Tourism Planning & Development, 8:2, 115-119, DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2011.573910.

Chang, J. (2011). Introduction: Entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality: The role of SMEs. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(5), 467-469.

Connell, J. (2006). Medical tourism: Sea, sun, sand and… surgery. Tourism management, 27(6), 1093-1100.

Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1986). The development and testing of an organizational-level entrepreneurship scale. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 1(3), 628-639.

Covin, J. G., & Wales, W. J. (2012). The measurement of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 36(4), 677-702.

Dickson, M. W., Aditya, R. N., & Chhokar, J. S. (2000). Definition and Interpretation in Cross-Cultural Organizational Culture Research: Some Pointers from the GLOBE Research Program. In N.M Ashkanasy, C.P.M Wilderom, & M.F Peterson (Eds.), Handbook of organizational culture and climate (pp. 152). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Engelen, A., Schmidt, S., & Buchsteiner, M. (2015). The simultaneous influence of national culture and market turbulence on entrepreneurial orientation: A nine-country study. Journal of International Management, 21(1), 18-30.

Emrich, C. G., Denmark, F. L., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2004). Cross-cultural differences in gender egalitarianism: Implications for societies, organizations, and leaders. Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of, 62, 343-394.

Fink, R. (2018). Health Tourism in the EU: Facts and Figures. Availabe at https://pro.regiondo.com/health-tourism-eu/

Freytag, A., & Thurik, R. (2007). Entrepreneurship and its determinants in a cross-country setting. Journal of evolutionary Economics, 17(2), 117-131.

Goncalo, J. A., & Staw, B. M. (2006). Individualism–collectivism and group creativity. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 100(1), 96-109.

Gredičak, T., & Demonja, D. (2019). Potential Directions of Strategic Development of Medical Tourism: The Case of the Republic Of Croatia. Geographica Pannonica, doi: 10.5937/gp24-21485.

Hayton, J. C., George, G., & Zahra, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26(4), 33-52.

Hermansen-Kobulnicky, C. J., & Moss, C. L. (2004). Pharmacy student entrepreneurial orientation: a measure to identify potential pharmacist entrepreneurs. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 68(5), 113.

Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

Hojat, M., Gonnella, J. S., Mangione, S., Nasca, T. J., Veloski, J. J., Erdmann, J. B, & Magee, M. (2002). Empathy in medical students as related to academic performance, clinical competence and gender. Medical education, 36(6), 522-527.

Hopkins, L., Labonté, R., Runnels, V., & Packer, C. (2010). Medical tourism today: what is the state of existing knowledge?. Journal of public health policy, 31(2), 185-198.

House, R., Hanges, P., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. London: SAGE Publications.

House, R., Javidan, M., Hanges, P., & Dorfman, P. (2002). Understanding cultures and implicit leadership theories across the globe: an introduction to project GLOBE. Journal of world business, 37(1), 3-10.

Humphrey, R. H. (2013). The benefits of emotional intelligence and empathy to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(3), 287-294.

Khandwalla, P.N. (1976/1977). Some top management styles, their context, and performance. Organization and Administrative Sciences, 7(4), 21-51.

Kreiser, P. M., Marino, L. D., Dickson, P., & Weaver, K. M. (2010). Cultural influences on entrepreneurial orientation: The impact of national culture on risk taking and proactiveness in SMEs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 34(5), 959-984.

Lee, S. M., & Peterson, S. J. (2000). Culture, entrepreneurial orientation, and global competitiveness. Journal of world business, 35(4), 401-416.

Lordkipanidze, M., Brezet, H., & Backman, M. (2005). The entrepreneurship factor in sustainable tourism development. Journal of cleaner production, 13(8), 787-798.

Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of management Review, 21(1), 135-172.

Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of business venturing, 16(5), 429-451.

Mebrahtu, T., Crossley, M., & Johnson, D. (Eds.). (2000). Globalisation, educational transformation and societies in transition. Symposium Books Ltd.

Miller, D., & Friesen, P. H. (1982). Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms: Two models of strategic momentum. Strategic management journal, 3(1), 1-25.

Money, R. B., & Crotts, J. C. (2003). The effect of uncertainty avoidance on information search, planning, and purchases of international travel vacations. Tourism Management, 24(2), 191-202.

Montanye, J. A. (2006). Entrepreneurship. The Independent Review, 10 (4), 547-569.

Morris, M. H., Davis, D. L., & Allen, J. W. (1994). Fostering corporate entrepreneurship: Cross-cultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), 65-89.

Morris, M. H., Davis, D. L., & Allen, J. W. (1994). Fostering corporate entrepreneurship: Cross-cultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), 65-89.

Munck, R. (2002). Democracy and development: deconstruction and debates. In Sklair, L. (Ed.) Capitalism and development (pp.21-39). London: Routledge.

Naldi, L., Nordqvist, M., Sjöberg, K., & Wiklund, J. (2007). Entrepreneurial orientation, risk taking, and performance in family firms. Family business review, 20(1), 33-47.

Nedeljković, S., Koković, D. i Nedeljković, M. (2010).Uticaj nacionalne kulture na ponašanje potrošača i zaposlenih u turističkom sektoru-primena teorije Hofstede-a, Zbornik Matice srpske za društvene nauke, 130: 43-61.

Nedeljković, M., Vukonjanski, J., Nikolić, M., Hadzic, O., & Šljukić, M. (2018). A comparative analysis of Serbian national culture and national cultures of some European countries by GLOBE project approach. J. Geogr. Inst. Cvijic. 68(3) (363-382)

Nikolić. M., Vukonjanski, J., Nedeljković, M., Hadžić, O., & Terek, E. (2014). The relationship between communication satisfaction, emotional intelligence and the GLOBE organizational culture dimensions of middle managers in Serbian organizations. Journal for East European Management Studies, 19(4), 387-412.

Özsomer, A., Calantone, R. J., & Di Bonetto, A. (1997). What makes firms more innovative? A look at organizational and environmental factors. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 12(6), 400-416

Palich, L. E., & Bagby, D. R. (1995). Using cognitive theory to explain entrepreneurial risk-taking: Challenging conventional wisdom. Journal of business venturing, 10(6), 425-438.

Pavluković, V., Armenski, T., & Alcántara-Pilar, J. M. (2017). Social impacts of music festivals: Does culture impact locals' attitude toward events in Serbia and Hungary?. Tourism Management, 63, 42-53.

Rostow, W.W. (1960). The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto.

Saeed, S., Yousafzai, S. Y., & Engelen, A. (2014). On cultural and macroeconomic contingencies of the entrepreneurial orientation–performance relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 255-290

Shane, S. (1993). Cultural influences on national rates of innovation. Journal of business venturing, 8(1), 59-73.

Shane, S. (1995). Uncertainty avoidance and the preference for innovation championing roles. Journal of international business studies, 26(1), 47-68.

Spence, J. T. (1985). Achievement American style: The rewards and costs of individualism. American Psychologist, 40(12), 1285.

Thomas, A. S., & Mueller, S. L. (2000). A case for comparative entrepreneurship: Assessing the relevance of culture. Journal of international business studies, 31(2), 287-301.

Tsang, N. K. F., & Ap, J. (2007). Tourists’ perceptions of relational quality service attributes: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), 355-363.

Vukonjanski, J., Nikolić, M., Hadžić, O., Terek, E., & Nedeljković, M. (2012). Relationship between GLOBE organizational culture dimensions, job satisfaction and leader-member exchange in Serbian organizations. Journal for East European Management Studies, 17(3), 333-368.

Yoo, K.-S. (2015) A Comparative Study of Cultural Dimension as an Influencing Factor to

Entrepreneurial Orientation, International Journal of Business and Social Science 6(2), 192-206

Zion Market Research (2018). Medical Tourism Market by Treatment Type (Cancer Treatment, Orthopedic Treatment, Fertility Treatment, Cardiovascular Treatment, Neurological Treatment, and Others): Global Industry Perspective, Comprehensive Analysis, and Forecast, 2017 - 2024.

Published
2020/07/02
Section
Original Research