Regional Inequalities in the Visegrad Group Countries, Serbia and Croatia
Abstract
The paper discusses the evaluation of regional inequalities in the V4 countries, Serbia and Croatia. The gross birth rate, the unemployment rate, the average monthly gross earnings, the gross domestic product per capita and dwellings completed per 1000 inhabitants were selected as a set of evaluation indicators and, to determine the level of regional inequalities were used the Gini Coefficient and the Coefficient of Variation in two variants – in all the counties as well as after excluding the capital cities. Using the integrated indicator of the socio-economic status, the development of counties was evaluated as well as the dichotomy within the meaning of prosperous west vs. problematic east in the countries concerned. At the same time, we evaluated the degree of dependence between socio-economic status of the countries and the level of their regional inequalities involving the selected indicators.
References
Ancuţa, C. (2012). Aspects regarding the socio-economic indicators used in approaching the territorial disparities. Geographica Pannonica, 16(1), 26-34.
Blažek, J., & Csank, P. (2005). The West-East gradient and regional development: the case of the Czech Republic. AUC Geographica, 40(1-2), 89-108.
Blažek, J., & Csank, P. (2007). Nová fáze regionálního rozvoje v ČR? [A new phase of regional development in the Czech Republic?]. Sociologický časopis, 43(5), 945-965 (in Czech).
Bogumił, P. (2009). Regional disparities in Poland. ECFIN Country Focus, 6(4), 1-7.
Czyż, T., & Hauke, J. (2011). Evolution of regional disparities in Poland. Quaestiones Geographicae, 30(2), 35-48, DOI: 10.2478/v10117-011-0016-y.
Domański, B. (2011). Post-socialism and transition. In A. Pike, A. Rodríguez-Pose, & J. Tomaney (Eds.), Handbook of local and regional development (pp. 172-181). New York: Routledge.
Đokić, I., Fröhlich, Z., & Rašić Bakarić, I. (2015). The impact of the economic crisis on regional disparities in Croatia. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 9(1), 179-195, DOI:10.1093/cjres/rsv030.
Enyedi, G. (1996). New Regional Processes in Post-Socialist Central Europe. In F.W Carter, P. Jordan & V. Rey (Eds.), Central Europe after the Fall of the Iron Curtain: Geopolitical Perspectives, Spatial Patterns and Trends (pp. 129-136), Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Fecková Škrabuľáková, E., Grešová, E., & Khouri, S. (2019). Similarity assessment of economic indicators of selected countries by graph theory means. Transformation in Business & Economic, 18(3C (48C)), 333-347.
Gorzelak, G. (1996). The Regional Dimension of Transformation in Central Europe. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers and Regional Studies Association.
Gregorová, G. & Fillová, V. (2004). Štatistické metódy v geografii. [Statistical methods in geography]. Bratislava: Geografika (in Slovak).
Gurgul, H., & Lach, Ł. (2011). The impact of regional disparities on economic growth. MPRA paper No. 52258, Available at: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52258/ (20.12.2019).
Hučka, M., Kutcherauer, A., & Tománek, P. (2008). Metodologická východiska zkoumání regionálních disparit [Methodological bases of regional disparities]. Working papers N.2, Ostrava: Ekonomická fakulta, VŠB TU (in Czech).
Chajdiak, J. (2009). Štatistika v exceli 2007. [Statistics in Excel 2007]. Bratislava: Statis (in Slovak).
Illieva, M. (2015). Regional disparities in Poland and Bulgaria. Geography and Tourism, 3(2), 35-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.46677.
Ivančev, O., Jovičić, M., & Milojević, T. (2010). Income Inequality and Social Policy in Serbia. Working Papers, 086, 1-49.
Jakopin, E. (2014). Regional inequalities and transition: The case of Serbia. Ekonomika preduzeća, 62(1-2), 117-133, DOI:10.5937/ekopre1402117J.
Joksimović, M., & Golić, R. (2017). Indicators of regional inequality in Serbia. Collection of Papers - Faculty of Geography at the University of Belgrade, 65(1a), 227-249, DOI: 10.5937/zrgfub1765227J.
Kebza, M., Kubeš, J., & Nováček, A. (2015). Východo-západní gradient sociální a ekonomické prostorové diferenciace Maďarska [East-west gradient of social and economic space differentiation in Hungary]. In V. Klímová & V. Žítek, V. Proceedings of the 18th International colloquium on regional sciences (pp. 41-48), Hustopeče, Czech Republic, DOI: 10.5817/CZ.MUNI.P210-7861-2015-4 (in Czech).
Kisiała, W., & Suszyńska, K. (2017). The dynamics of regional inequalities and economic growth in Central and Eastern Europe. Institute of Economic Research Working Papers, 122, 10 p.
Klamár, R. (2016). Development tendencies of regional disparities in the Slovak Republic. Geographica Pannonica, 20(3), 136-151, DOI: 10.18421/GP20.03-02.
Klamár, R., Matlovič, R., Ivanová, M., Ištok, R., & Kozoň, J. (2019a): Local Action Group as a Tool of Inter-municipal Cooperation: Case Study of Slovakia. Folia Geographica, 61(1), 36-67.
Klamár, R., Rosič, M., Madziková, A., Krokusová, J., Pasternák, T., & Kozoň, J. (2019b). Regionálny rozvoj – faktory, disparity a cezhraničná spolupráca. [Regional development – factors, inequalities and cross-border cooperation]. Prešov: Prešovská univerzita (in Slovak).
Kubeš, J., & Kebza, M. (2018). Geography of socio-economic differentation of Poland according to subregions in 2002-2014. AUC Geographica, 53(1), 36-48, https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2018.4.
Kutscherauer, A., Fachinelli, H., Hučka, M., Skokan, K., Sucháček, K., Tománek, J., & Tuleja, P. (2010). Regional disparities. Disparities in country regional development – concept, theory, identification and assessment. Available at: http://alkut.cz/edice_cd/cd11_regdis_mono_angl/pdf/Regional%20disparities.pdf (15.10.2019).
Kutscherauer, A., & Hučka, M. (2011). Teoreticko-metodické otázky regionálních disparit [Theoretical and methodological questions of regional disparities]. Regionální disparity, 9, 20-30 (in Czech).
Lackenbauer, J. (2004). Catching-up, Regional Disparities and EU Cohesion Policy: The case of Hungary. Managing Global Transition, 2(2), 123-162.
Lackenbauer, J. (2006). After Transition and EU Accession: A Review of Economic Geography and Regional Disparities in Hungary. Available at: http://www.wz.uni.lodz.pl/ersa/abstr/lackenbauer_p.pdf (15.10.2019).
Lang, T. (2015). Socio-economic and political responses to regional polarisation and socio-spatial peripheralisation in Central and Eastern Europe: a research agenda. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, 64(3), 171-185, DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.64.3.2.
Lukić, V., & Stoilković, M.A. (2017). Interrelation of spatial disparities in development and migration patterns in transition economy: Serbia – Case study. Human Geographies – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography, 11(1), 65-76, DOI: 10.5719/hgeo.2017.111.4.
Majerová, I. (2012). International development cooperation of the Czech Republic in the context of European development. Prague economic papers, 21, 166-185.
Marošević, K., & Sekur, T. (2018). Comparative Analysis of Croatian and Czech Lagging Regions. European Scientific Journal, ESJ August 2018 Special Edition, 63-74, Doi: 10.19044/esj.2018.c4p5 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.c4p5.
Matlovič, R., Klamár, R., Kozoň, J., Ivanová, M., & Michalko, M. (2018). Spatial polarity and spatial polarization in the context of supranational and national scales: regions of Visegrad countries after their accession to the EU. Bulletin of geography: Socio-economic series, 41(3), 59-78, DOI: 10.2478/bog-2018-0026.
Matlovič, R., & Matlovičová, K. (2005). Vývoj regionálnych disparít na Slovensku a problémy regionálneho rozvoja Prešovského kraja [Development of regional disparities in Slovakia and problems of regional development in the Prešov region]. Folia Geographica, 8, 66-88 (in Slovak).
Matlovič, R., & Matlovičová, K. (2011). Regionálne disparity a ich riešenie na Slovensku v rozličných kontextoch [Regional disparities and their solution in Slovakia in the various context]. Folia Geographica, 18, 8-88 (in Slovak).
Michálek, A. (2012). Vybrané metódy merania regionálnych disparít. [Some methods for measuring regional disparities]. Geografický časopis, 64(3), 219-234 (in Slovak).
Mijačić, D., & Paunović, B. (2011). Regional disparities in Serbia. Ekonomika preduzeća, 59(7-8), 379-389, DOI: 10.5937/ekopre1108379M.
Miljanović, D., Miletić, R., & Đordević, J. (2010). Regional inequality in Serbia as a development problem. Acta geographica Slovenica, 50(2), 253-275, DOI: 10.3986/AGS50204.
Monastiriotis, V. (2013). The Nature of Spatial Inequalities in South East Europe and the Scope for Decentralized Regional Policy: An Analysis of Bulgaria and Serbia. In W. Barlett, S. Maleković, V. Monastiriotis, & S. Maleković (Eds.), Decentralization and Local Development in South East Europe (pp. 213-230). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Nosek, V., Netrdová, P. (2010). Regional and Spatial Concentration of Socio-economic Phenomena: Empirical Evidence from the Czech Republic. Ekonomický časopis, 58(4), 344-359.
Puljiz, J., & Maleković, S. (2007). Regional income and unemployment disparities in Croatia. In Z. Reić, M. Fredotović (Eds.), Conference proceedings of the 7th International Conference: Enterprise in Transition (pp. 1280-1298). Split, Croatia.
Rusnák, J. (2012). Premenlivosť geografických javov v reálnych systémoch. [Variability of geographical phenomena in reality]. AUC Geographica, 56(1), 79-97 (in Slovak).
Smętkowski, M. (2014). Regional disparities and development Dynamics of CEE regions in the period of prosperity and austernity. Working Paper Series GRINCOH, 6, 1-19, Warszaw: Centre for European Regional and Local Studies.
Szörfi, B. (2007). Development and regional disparities – testing the Williamson curve hypothesis in the European Union. Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), 2, 100-121.
Winkler, A. (2012). Measuring regional inequality: an index of socio-economic pressure for Serbia. Collection of Papers – Faculty of Geography at University of Belgrade, 60, 81-102.
