The identification of cultural tourism geographies: results from a systematic literature review

Annunziata Palermo; Lucia  Chieffallo; Sara Virgilio

doi:10.5937/gp27-46772

Annunziata Palermo University of Calabria. Department of Civil Engineering https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2879-0174
Lucia Chieffallo University of Calabria. Department of Civil Engineering https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5283-0469
Sara Virgilio University of Calabria. Department of Civil Engineering https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0885-6668

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/gp27-46772

Keywords: tourism, cultural heritage, local development, SLR

Abstract

Tourism development allows the enhancement of the heritage of local cultural resources, expressing the territorial potential. The Systematic Literature Review shown in this paper highlight the relationship between “cultural heritage” and “tourism”. The current state of the art and the specific relationships between the contents of the selected publications demonstrate that tourism is an indispensable tool in local communication and cultural promotion policies and strategies. The qualitative results allow the identification of cultural tourism geographies that coincide with four thematic clusters not evident in advance.

References

Agustarini, R., Heryati, Y., Adalina, Y., Adinugroho, W., Yuniati, D., Fambayun, R., Perdana, A. (2022). The Development of Indigofera spp. as a Source of Natural Dyes to Increase Community Incomes on Timor Island, Indonesia. Economies, 10(2), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10020049

Al-Jaberi, Z., & Hasan, S. (2022). Reviving the Cultural Route and Its Role in the Sustainability of Historical Areas - Kerbala as a Case Study. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 17(6), 1737-1746. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170607

Antohin, A. (2019). Preserving the Intangible: Orthodox Christian Approaches to Spiritual Heritage. Religious, 10(5), 2-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10050336

Anwer, F., & Aftab, A. (2017). Latest Customization of XP: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Modern education and Computer Science, 12, 26-37. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijmecs.2017.12.04

Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: AAn R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007

Arrighi, C., Carraresi, A., & Castelli, F. (2022). Resilience of art cities to flood risk: A quantitative model based on depth-idleness correlation. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 15(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12794

Basu, A. (2020). Contexts and Concerns for Sustainability of Cultural Heritage Sites of Bishnupur. Plural, 8(2), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.37710/plural.v8i2_11

Beal, L., H., S., Modica, G., Pilato, M., & Platania, M. (2019). Analysing the Mediating Eﬀect of Heritage Between Locals and Visitors: An Exploratory Study Using Mission Patrimoine as a Case Study. Sustainability, 11(11), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113015

Belliggiano, A., Bindi, L., & Ievoli, C. (2021). Walking along the Sheeptrack... Rural Tourism, Ecomuseums, and Bio-Cultural Heritage. Sustainability, 13(16), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168870

Beltramo, R., Peira, G., & Bonadonna, A. (2021). Creating a Tourism Destination through Local Heritage: The Stakeholders’ Priorities in the Canavese Area (Northwest Italy). Land, 10(3), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030260

Beltrán-Yanes, E., Dóniz-Páez, J., & Esquivel-Sigut, I. (2020). Chinyero Volcanic Landscape Trail (Canary Islands, Spain): A Geotourism Proposal to Identify Natural and Cultural Heritage in Volcanic Areas. Geosciences, 10(11), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110453

Bilotta, G., Nocera, R., & Barone, P. (2021). Cultural Heritage and Obia. WSEAS Transaction on Environment and Development, 17, 449-465. https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.44

Bitušíková, A. (2021). Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development. Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, 9(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2021.9.1.5

Boc, E., Filimon A.L., M. M., Mancia, C., Josan, I., Heman, M., Filimon, A., & Herman, G. (2022). Tourism and Cultural Heritage in Beius Land, Romania. Heritage, 5(3), 1734-1751. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030090

Boulhila, S., Alouat, M., Rezzaz, M., & Schmitz, S. (2022). Towards a Development Model of Local Cultural Tourism Through the Involvement of Local Actors (Province of Constantine, Algeria). GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 40(1), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.40101-797

Briciu, A., Briciu, V., & Kavoura, A. (2020). Evaluating How "Smart" Brasov, Romania Can Be Virtually via a Mobile Application for Cultural Tourism. Sustainability, 12(13), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135324

Brown, F., & Hall, D. (2000). Tourism in Peripheral Areas. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.

Campillo-Alhama, C., & Martinez-Sala, A. (2019). Events 2.0 in the transmedia branding strategy of World Cultural Heritage Sites. El profesional de la Información, 28(5), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.sep.09

Cao, W., Yu, W., & Xu, J. (2021). City vs. Town residents’ place attachment,perceptions and support for tourism development in a linear World Cultural Heritage Site. PLoS ONE, 16(10), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258365

Cerquetti, M., Ferrara, C., Romagnoli, A., & Vagnarelli, G. (2022). Enhancing Intangible Cultural Heritage for Sustainable Tourism Development in Rural Areas: The Case of the “Marche Food and Wine Memories” Project (Italy). Sustainability, 14(24), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416893

Chauhan, E. (2022). Decoding Collective Action Dilemmas in Historical Precincts of Delhi. Sustainability, 14(18), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811741

Cheng, Z., & Chen, X. (2022). The Effect of Tourism Experience on Tourists’ Environmentally Responsible Behavior at Cultural Heritage Sites: The Mediating Role of Cultural Attachment. Sustainability, 14(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010565

Chieffallo, L. (2021). Smart Governance per la definizione di scenari di sviluppo nelle aree rurali. Roma - Milano: Planum Publisher e Società Italiana degli Urbanisti. https://doi.org/10.53143/PLM.C.221

Chieffallo, L., Palermo, A., & Viapiana, M. (2023). Divari di sviluppo nei territori intermedi. Definizione e mappatura per l'evoluzione in Smart Land. Milano: Franco Angeli.

Cristófol, F., Cruz-Ruiz, E., & Zamarreño-Aramendia, G. (2021). Transmission of Place Branding Values through Experiential Events: Wine BC Case Study. Sustainability, 13(6), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063002

Dastgerdi, A., De Luca, G., & Francini, C. (2021). Reforming Housing Policies for the Sustainability of Historic Cities in the Post-COVID Time: Insights from the Atlas World Heritage. Sustainability, 13(1), 1-12. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010174

De Marchi, D., & Mingotto, E. (2016). Turismo delle origini. Quadro preliminare delle potenzialità in Italia. Firenze: Mercury.

Eichler, J. (2021). Intangible cultural heritage, inequalities and participation: who decides on heritage? The International Journal of Human Rights, 25(5), 793-814. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2020.1822821

Fabbris, L. (1990). Analisi esplorativa di dati multidimensionali. Padova: Cleup Editore.

Fernández, E., & Alarcón, E. (2020). Tourist functionality of the communication management on Malaga’s museums’ social networks. doxa.comunicación, 30, 309-330. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n30a16

Ferrari, S., & Nicotera, T. (2021). Primo rapporto sul turismo delle radici in Italia. Dai flussi migratori ai flussi turistici: strategie di destination marketing per il "richiamo" in patria delle comunità di italiani nel mondo. Milano: EGEA S.p.A.

Fierro, A., & Aranburu, I. (2019). Airbnb Branding: Heritage as a Branding Element in the Sharing Economy. Sustainability, 11(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010074

Filocamo, F., Di Paola, G., Mastrobuono, L., & Rosskopf, C. (2020). MoGeo, a Mobile Application to Promote Geotourism in Molise Region (Southern Italy). Resources, 9(3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources9030031

Gómez, L. (2019). Residents’ Opinions and Perceptions of Tourism Development in the Historic City of Toledo, Spain. Sustainability, 11(14), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143854

Gomez-Oliva, A., Alvarado-Uribe, J., Parra-Meroño, M., & Jara, A. (2019). Transforming Communication Channels to the Co-Creation and Diﬀusion of Intangible Heritage in Smart Tourism Destination: Creation and Testing in Ceutí (Spain). Sustainability, 11(14), 1-30 https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143848

Gómez-Ullate, M., Rieutort, L., Kamara, A., Santos, A., Pirra, A., & Solís, M. (2020). Demographic challanges in rural Europe and cases of Resilience based on Cultural Heritage Management. A comparative analysis in Mediterranean Countries Inner Regions. Sciendo, 12(3), 408-431. https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2020-0022

Green, P., Frank, R., & Robinson, P. (1967). Cluster analysis in test market selection. Management science, 13(8), B387-B400.

Han, S., Yoon, J., & Kwon, J. (2021). Impact of Experiential Value of Augmented Reality: The Context of Heritage Tourism. Sustainability, 13(8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084147

Helgadóttir, G., & Sigurðardóttir, I. (2018). The Riding Trail as Geotourism Attraction: Evidence from Iceland. Geosciences, 8(10), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8100376

Hugentobler, L. (2022). The Instagram Interview: Talking to People About Travel Experiences Across Online and Offline Spaces. Cogitatio, 10(3), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i3.5340

Iannucci, G., Martellozzo, F., & Randelli, F. (2022). Sustainable development of rural areas: a dynamic model in between tourism exploitation and landscape decline. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 32, 991-1016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-022-00785-4

Jelincic, D. (2021). Indicators for Cultural and Creative Industries’ Impact Assessment on Cultural Heritage and Tourism. Sustainability, 13(14), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147732

Jurado-Rivas, C., & Sánchez-Rivero, M. (2019). Willingness to Pay for More Sustainable Tourism Destinations in World Heritage Cities: The Case of Caceres, Spain. Sustainability, 11(21), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11215880

Kádár, B., & Klaniczay, J. (2022). Branding Built Heritage through Cultural Urban Festivals: Insagram Analysis Related to Sustainable Co-Creation, in Budapest. Sustainability, 14(9), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095020

Kaiser, A., & Woller, R. (2021). Preservation, Sustainable Use and Revitalisation of the Roman Heritage along the Danube – the EU Interreg DTP Project “Living Danube Limes”. AK Journals, 49(1-2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1556/096.2021.00004

Kaltenborn, B., Kaltenborn, E., & Linnell, J. (2019). “It’s All About the Scenery”: Tourists’ Perceptions of Cultural Ecosystem Services in the Lofoten Islands, Norway. ARCTIC - Journal of the Arctic Institute of North America, 72(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic67944

Kasnesin, P., Tatlas, N., Mitilineos, S., Patrikakis, C., & Potirakis, S. (2019). Acoustic Sensor Data Flow for Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Safeguarding. Sensors, 19, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071629

Kimengsi, J., Kechia, M., Azibo, B., Pretzsch, J., & Kwei, J. (2019). Households’ Assets Dynamics and Ecotourism Choices in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Sustainability, 11(7), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071844

Kontiza, K., Antoniou, A., Daif, A., Reboreda-Morillo, S., Bassani, M., González-Soutelo, S., López-Nores, M. (2020). On How Technology-Powered Storytelling Can Contribute to Cultural Heritage Sustainability across Multiple Venues—Evidence from the CrossCult H2020 Project. Sustainability, 12(4), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041666

Kostopoulou, S., Sofianou, P., & Tsiokanos, K. (2021). Silk Road Heritage Branding and Polycentric Tourism Development. Sustainability, 13(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041893

Krajnović, A., Miletić, N., & Zdrilić, I. (2021). Sustainable Development of an Island Tourist Destination: Example of the Island of Pag. Academia Turistica, 1, 23-37. https://doi.org/10.26493/2335-4194.14.23-37

Kranioti, A., Tsiotas, D., & Polyzos, S. (2022). The Topology of Cultural Destinations' Accessibility: the Case of Attica, Greece. Sustainability, 14(3), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031860

Krogmann, A., Ivanic, P., Kramáreková, H., Petrikovicová, L., Petrovic, F., & Grežo, H. (2021). Cultural Tourism in Nitra, Slovakia: Overview of Current and Future Trends. Sustainability, 13(9), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095181

Kutin, B., & Telban, M. (2021). Legends of Places as Part of the Sustainable Development of Regions. Folklore, 81, 157-178. https://doi.org/10.7592/FEJF2021.81.ivancic_kropej

Kwanghee, J., Nguyen, V., Piscara, D., & Yoo, S. (2020). Meet the Virtual Jeju Dol Harubang - The Mixed VR/AR Application for Cultural Immersion in Korea's Main Heritage. International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(6), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060367

Kwiatek-Soltys, A., & Bajgier-Kowalska, M. (2019). The Role of Cultural Heritage Sites in the Creation of Tourism Potential of Small Towns in Poland. Sciendo, 26(2), 237-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.26.2.11

Lakomy, K. (2021). Site-Speciﬁc Determinants and Remains of Medieval City Fortiﬁcations as the Potential for Creating Urban Greenery Systems Based on the Example of Historical Towns of the Opole Voivodeship. Sustainability, 13(13), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137032

Lam-González, Y., León, C., & Suárez-Rojas, C. (2022). The Impact of Degradation of Islands’ Land Ecosystems Due to Climate Change on Tourists’ Travel Decisions. Land, 11(10), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101644

Leonardi, S., & Unterpertinger, Y. (2022). The Relevance of Intangible Cultural Heritage and Traditional Languages for the Tourism Experience: The Case of Ladin in South Tyrol. Sustainability, 14(5), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052729

Lerario, A. (2022). The Role of Built Heritage for Sustainable Development Goals: From Statement to Action. Heritage, 5(3), 2444-2463. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030127

Li, L., Feng, R., & Xi, J. (2021). Ecological Risk Assessment and Protection Zone Identification for Linear Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of the Ming Great Wall. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health, 18(21), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111605

Li, Y., & Mahamood, A. (2022). Advantages of Marketing Communication in the Development of a Tourism Brand. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 12(6), 273-281. doi: https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0162

Longhi-Heredia, S., & Marcotte, P. (2021). The attractiveness of Quebec's heritage sites in the era of COVID-19. International Visual Culture Review, 8(2), 151-165. https://doi.org/10.37467/gka-revvisual.v8.2879

López-Sanz, J., Penelas-Leguía, A., Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, P., & Cuesta-Valiño, P. (2021). Sustainable Development and Rural Tourism in Depopulated Areas. Land, 10(9), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090985

Lu, W., Su, Y., Su, S., Zhao, J., & Zhang, L. (2022). Perceived Authenticity and Experience Quality in Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism: The Case of Kunqu Opera in China. Sustainability, 14(5), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052940

Lukác, M., Stachová, K., Stacho, Z., Bartáková, G., & Gubíniová, K. (2021). Potential of Marketing Communication as a Sustainability Tool in the Context of Castle Museums. Sustainability, 13(15), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158191

Maags, C. (2021). Common, Luxury, and Fake Commodities: Intangible Cultural Heritage Markets in China. China Perspectives, 3, 7-17. https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.12184

Magio, K., Aranda, L., González, L., & Alpuche, C. (2021). Analysis and Identiﬁcation of Sustainable Public Policy for Management of Cultural and Natural Heritage in the Maya Region in Line with the Sustainable Development Goals. Heritage, 4(4), 4172-4183. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040229

Mayuzumi, Y. (2022). Is meeting the needs of tourists through ethnic tourism sustainable? Focus on Bali, Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 6, 423-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-021-00198-4

Meini, M., Di Felice, G., & Petrella, M. (2018). Geotourism Perspectives for Transhumance Route Analysis, Requalification and Virtual Tools fot the Geoconservation Management of the Drove Roads in Southern Italy. Geosciences, 8, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8100000

Mekhum, W., & Torasa, C. (2020). Effect of Knowledge Sharing and Digital Management to Performance on Ecotourism in Ranong Province, Thailand. Research in World Economy, 11(5), 481-492. https://doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n5p481

Mekonnen, H., Bire, Z., & Berhanu, K. (2022). Practices and challenges of cultural heritage conservation in historical and religious heritage sites: evidence from North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Heritage Science, 10, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00802-6

Mohamed, R., Arb El Gaw Ad, Z., & Voda, M. (2021). Using Web GIS for Marketing Historical Destination Cairo, Egypt. Geographia Technica, 16(2), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.21163/GT_2021.162.16

Naqvi, M., Jiang, Y., Naqvi, M., Miao, M., Liang, C., & Mehmood, S. (2018). The Effect of Cultural Heritage Tourism on Tourist Word of Mouth: The Case of Lok Versa Festival, Pakistan. Sustainability, 10(7), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072391

Oltean, F., & Gabor, M. (2021). Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Consumer Proﬁle of Hunting Tourism and Trophy Hunting from Tradition to Protected Areas: Study Case on Romania and Spain. Land, 10(11), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10111218

Palazzo, M., Gigauri, I., Panait, M., Apostu, S., & Siano, A. (2022). Sustainable Tourism Issues in European Countries during the Global Pandemic Crisis. Sustainability, 14(7), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073844

Palumbo, R. (2022). Surviving Covid-19: what museum and cultural institutions can do attract cultural tourists and get through the pandemic. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-022-00359-x

Pereira, L., & Farias, T. (2020). Assessing the cultural values of the geodiversity in a Brazilian city: The historical center of João Pessoa (Paraíba, NE Brazil), Mata da Aldeia chart. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 8, 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2020.03.002

Pereira, L., do Nascimento, M., & Mantesso-Neto, V. (2019). Geotouristic trail in the Senhor da Boa Sentença Cemetery, João Pessoa, State of Paraíba (PB), Northeastern Brazil. Geoheritage, 11, 1133-1149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-019-00359-0

Pérez-Calderón, E., Prieto-Ballester, J., & Miguel-Barrado, V. (2022). Perceived Rural Development in UNESCO Global Geoparks in Spain. Land, 11(7), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071086

Prados-Peña, M., Gutiérrez-Carrillo, M., & Del Barrio-García, S. (2019). The Development of Loyalty to Earthen Defensive Heritage as a Key Factor in Sustainable Preventive Conservation. Sustainability, 11(13), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133516

Prevolšek, B., Maksimovic, A., Puška, A., Pažek, K., Žibert, M., & Rozman, C. (2020). Sustainable Development of Ethno-Villages in Bosnia and Herzegovina—A Multi Criteria Assessment. Sustainability, 12(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041399

Qiu, Q., Zheng, T., Xiang, Z., & Zhang, M. (2019). Visiting Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Sites: From Value Cognition to Attitude and Intention. Sustainability, 12(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010132

Quang, T., Noseworthy, W., & Paulson, D. (2022). Rising tensions: heritage-tourism development and the commodification of "Authentic" culture among the Cham community of Vietnam. Cogent Social Sciences, 8, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2116161

Radosavljevic, U., & Culaﬁc, I. (2019). Use of Cultural Heritage for Place Branding in Educational Projects: the Case of Smederevo and Golubac Fortresses on the Danube. Sustainability, 11(19), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195234

Rakitovac, K., Vojnović, N., & Urošević, N. (2021). Community Participation in Sustainable Valorisation of Cultural Heritage: The Case of the Municipality of Vrsar. Academia Turistica, 1, 7-22. https://doi.org/10.26493/2335-4194.14.7-22

Rapidah, M., Mohamed, K., Ali, C., Leman, M., & Sidin, M. (2018). The Application of Market Appeal-Robusticity matrix: a case study of the Archaeological heritage of Lenggong Vallet, Perak, Malaysia. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 23(3), 702-718. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.2233330077—332211

Rassios, A., & Grieco, G. (2021). Is geoheritage a “cutting-edge” science? Promotion of an extension to the definition of geoheritage with emphasis as a significant discipline in geosciences with cultural and societal relevance. The Geological Society of America, 552, 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1130/2021.2552(03)

Rech, G., & Migliorati, L. (2021). Social Representation about Cultural Torusim in the Time of COVID-19: A Case Study of Langhe, Monferrato and Roero (Italy). Sustainability, 13(11), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116301

Ridley, C. (2020). The tourist and tourism gazes upon Cradle Mountain and Freycinet National Park. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 154, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.154.27

Sadowski, A., & Wojcieszak, M. (2019). Geographic differentiation of agritourism activities in Poland vs. cultural and natural attractiveness of destinations at district level. PLoS ONE, 14(9), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222576

Salvatore, R., Chiodo, E., & Fantini, A. (2018). Tourism transition in peripheral rural areas: theories, issues and strategies. Annals of Tourism Research, 68, 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.11.003

Šarenac, N., Rebić, M., & Bojat, M. (2019). Instruments for Sustainable Tourism Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Academia Turistica, 2, 207-217. https://doi.org/10.26493/2335-4194.12.207-217

Sarmento, C. (2020). Tourism as Intercultural Business: Locating Concepts and Questioning Identities. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(3), 400-415. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p400

Scandiffio, A. (2021). Parametric Deﬁnition of Slow Tourism Itineraries for Experiencing Seasonal Landscapes. Application of Sentinel-2 Imagery to the Rural Paddy-Rice Landscape in Northern Italy. Sustainability, 13(23), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313155

Scarlett, J., & Riede, F. (2019). The Dark Geocultural Heritage of Volcanoes: Combining Cultural and Geoheritage Perspectives for Mutual Benefit. Geoheritage, 11, 1705-1721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-019-00381-2

Shen, J., Chou, R., Zhu, R., & Chen, S. (2022). Experience of Community Resilience in Rural Areas around Heritage Sites in Quanzhou under Transition to a Knowledge Economy. Land, 11(12), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122155

Shi, M., Zhang, L., Yang, H., Zhang, G., & Qi, Y. (2019). Pilot Study of Applying Creative Computing for the Activation of Intangible Cultural Heritage. International Journal of Performability Engineering, 15(2), 611-622. https://doi.org/10.23940/ijpe.19.02.p25.611622

Signes-Pont, M., Cortés-Plana, J., Boters-Pitarch, J., & Mora-Mora, H. (2022). Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Rural Development: the Case of Tàrbena, Spain. Heritage, 5(4), 3010-3031. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040156

Simeoni, F., & De Crescenzo, V. (2018). Ecomuseums (on Clean Energy), Cycle Tourism and Civic Crowdfunding: A New Match for Sustainability? Sustainability, 10 (3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030817

Sinha, R., & Pratt, S. (2021). Marketing Cultural Tourism in a Developing Country Setting: The Case of Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. Tourism Culture & Communication, 21(3), 203-219. https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421X16213644579300

Skibinski, J., Kultys, K., Baran-Zgłobicka, B., & Zgłobicki, W. (2021). Geoparks in SE Poland as Areas of Tourism Development: Current State and Future Prospects. Resources, 10(11), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10110113

Szubert, M., Warcholik, W., & Zemla, M. (2021). The Inﬂuence of Elements of Cultural Heritage on the Image of Destinations, Using Four Polish Cities as an Example. Land, 10(7), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10070671

Tian, D., Wang, Q., Law, R., & Zhang, M. (2020). Influence of Cultural Identity on Tourists' Authenticity Perception, Tourist Satisfaction, and Traveler Loyalty. Sustainability, 12(16), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166344

UNEP, & UWTO. (2005). Making Tourism More Sustainable - A Guide for Policy Makers. Parigi. Madrid: United Nations Environment Programme and World Touris Organization.

Üzümoğlu, M., & Turkan, Z. (2022). Architectural characteristics of accommodation buildings within the context of sustainable ecotourism in Cyprus: evaluation and recommendations. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 9(422), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01443-7

Van Eck, N., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3

Walmsley, A., & Kersten, T. (2020). The Imperial Cathedral in Königslutter (Germany) as an Immersive Experience in Virtual Reality with Integrated 360° Panoramic Photography. Applied Sciences, 10(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10041517

Wang, Z., & Marafa, L. (2021). Tourism Imaginary and Landscape at Heritage Site: A Case in Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, China. Land, 10(4), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10040439

Weng, L., He, B., Li, C., & Zhang, X. (2019). Sustainability Assessment of Cultural Heritage Tourism: Case Study of Pingyao Ancient City in China. Sustainability, 11(5), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051392

Wu, J., Ju, L., Lin, P., & Lyu, Y. (2022). The Relationship between Form and Ritual in Cultural Sustainability. Sustainability, 14(15), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159157

Xiao, W., Mills, J., Guidi, G., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P., Gonizzi Barsanti, S., & González-Aguilera, D. (2018). Geoinformatics for the conservation and promotion of cultural heritage in support of the UN Sustainable Development Goal. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 142, 389-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.01.001

Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971

Zhang, H., Cho, T., Wang, H., & Ge, Q. (2018). The Influence of Cross-Cultural Awareness and Tourist Experience on Authenticity, Toursist Satisfaction and Acculturation in World Cultural Heritage Sites of Korea. Sustainability, 10(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10040927

Zhang, K., Zhang, M., Law, R., Chen, X., & Wang, Q. (2020). Impact Model of Tourism Production and Consumption in Nanjing Yunjin: The Perspective of Culturam Heritage Reproduction. Sustainability, 12(8), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083430

Zhang, T., Wen, H., & Li, X. (2018). A Tourist-Based Model of Authenticity of Heritage Sporting Events: The Case of Naadam. Sustainability, 11(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010108

Zhu, X., & Chiou, S. (2022). A Study on the Sustainable Development of Historic District Landscapes Based on Place Attachment among Tourists: A Case Study of Taiping Old Street, Taiwan. Sustainability, 14(18), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811755

Zitouni-Petrogianni, G., Paraschou, A., & Maistrou, H. (2022). Abandoned or Degraded Areas in Historic Cities: The Importance of Multifunctional Reuse for Development through the Example of the Historic Commercial Triangle (Emporiko Trigono) of Athens. Land, 11(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11010114

Zonouz, H., Aliyeva, R., & Azad, M. (2018). Exploration of tourism potential doing concepts of development and heritage preservation issues of Zonouz city. Scientific Journal of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Landscape, Architecture and Art, 13(13), 134-142. https://doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.15

Zscheischler, J., Busse, M., & Heitepriem, N. (2019). Challenges to Build up a Collaborative Landscape Management (CLM)—Lessons from a Stakeholder Analysis in Germany. Environmental Management, 64, 580-592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01205-3

Zubiaga, M., Izkara, J., Gandini, A., Alonso, I., & Saralegui, U. (2019). Towards Smarter Management of Overtourism in Historic Centres Through Visitor-Flow Monitoring. Sustainability, 11(24), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247254