The Spatial and Temporal Behaviour of Particulate Matter and Submicron Particles in the Molise Region
Keywords:
particulate matter;, ultrafine particles;, pollution;, traffic;, heating systems
Abstract
Environmental pollution and its impact on human health has become a topic of great concern. In recent years, the scientific community has significantly increased its attention towards the protection of human health and an increasing number of analytical determinations are being carried out on food and environmental matrices to guarantee their quality. Within these determinations, the monitoring of air quality, both in indoor and outdoor environments, is of particular scientific interest. In particular, the presence of micrometric particles, atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) has become a marker of air quality in recent years. The study of these substances is particularly important since the diameter of the particles is inversely proportional to their ability to penetrate the respiratory system. In places of greatest attendance and areas with high vehicular traf fic, units are installed for continuously monitoring the air quality. This paper aims to bring a snapshot of the concentrations of these particles in Molise, a small region in Italy. The results obtained present rather limited PM10, PM4, PM2.5, PM1 and UFP ranges, especially as regards Campobasso, the regional capital.
References
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Word Health Organization. Guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants. ISBN 9789289002134
Wright LP, Zhang L, Cheng I, Aherne J & Wentworth GR (2018) Impacts and effects indicators of atmospheric deposition of major pollutants to various ecosystems - A review. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 18, 1953- 1992. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.03.0107
Urso Patrizia, Cattaneo Andrea, Garramone Gaetano, Peruzzo Carlo, Cavallo Domenico Maria, Carrer Paolo (2015) Identification of particulate matter determinants in residential homes. Building and Environment 86, 61 – 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.12.019
Avino P, Casciardi S, Fanizza C & Manigrasso M (2011) Deep investigation of ultrafine particles in urban air. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 11, 654-663. https://doi:10.4209/aaqr.2010.10.0086
Avino P, Lopez F, & Manigrasso M (2013) Regional deposition of submicrometer aerosol in the human respiratory system determined at 1-s time resolution of particle size distribution measurements. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 13, 1702-1711. https://doi:10.4209/aaqr.2013.06.0189
Barbara J Turpin, Pradeep Saxena, Elisabeth Andrews (2000) Measuring and simulating particulate organics in the atmosphere: problems and prospects. Atmospheric Environment 34; 2983-3013. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00501-4
Borrow DJ, Van Netten K, Galvin KP (2018) Ultrafine particle recovery using thin permeable films. Frontiers in Chemistry, 6, art. 220. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00220
Buonanno G, & Morawska L (2015) Ultrafine particle emission of waste incinerators and comparison to the exposure of urban citizens. Waste Management, 37, 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.008
Buonanno G, Stabile L, Avino P & Belluso E (2011) Chemical, dimensional and morphological ultrafine particle characterization from a waste to energy plant. Waste Management, 31, 2253-2262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.06.017
Candace Vahlsing & Kirk R Smith (2012) Global review of national ambient air quality standards for PM10 and SO2 (24 h). Air Qual Atmos Health 5; 393–399. https://doi:10.1007/s11869-010-0131-2
Capozzi Vincenzo, Raia Letizia, Cretella Viviana, De Vivo Carmela and Cucciniello Raffaele (2022) The Impact of Meteorological Conditions and Agricultural Waste Burning on PM Levels: A Case Study of Avellino (Southern Italy). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 12246. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912246
Diana Aleandro, Bertinetti Stefano, Abollino Ornella, Giacomino Agnese, Buoso Sandro, Favilli Laura, Inaudi Paolo and Malandrino Mery (2023); PM10 Element Distribution and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Two Italian Industrial Cities. Atmosphere, 14, 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010048
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Dondi Arianna, Carbone Claudio, Manieri Elisa, Zama Daniele, Del Bono Chiara, Betti Ludovica, Biagi Carlotta and Lanari Marcello (2023) Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Respiratory Disease: The Role of Oxidative Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(5), 4345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054345
Dongarrà G, Manno E, Varrica D, Lombardo M, Vultaggio M (2010) Study on ambient concentrations of PM10, PM10–2.5, PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants. Trace elements and chemical speciation of atmospheric particulates. Atmospheric Environment Volume 44, Issue 39, Pages 5244-5257 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.041)
Du Y, Xu X, Chu M, Guo Y, Wang J (2016) Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: The epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence. J. Thorac. Dis., 8, E8–E19. https://doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.37
Famiyeh Lord, Jia Chunrong, Chen Ke, Tang Yu-Ting, Ji Dongsheng, He Jun, Guo Qingjun (2023) Size distribution and lung-deposition of ambient particulate matter oxidative potential: A contrast between dithiothreitol and ascorbic acid assays. Environmental Pollution Volume 3361 Article number 122437 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122437
Fernández-Camacho R, Rodríguez S, de la Rosa J, Sánchez de la Campa AM, Alastuey A, Querol X, González-Castanedo Y, Garcia-Orellana I & Nava, S (2012) Ultrafine particle and fine trace metal (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) pollution episodes induced by industrial emissions in Huelva, SW Spain. Atmospheric Environment, 61, 507-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.003
Gaetano Settimo, Yong Yu, Marco Gola, Maddalena Buffoli and Stefano Capolongo (2023) Challenges in IAQ for Indoor Spaces: A Comparison of the Reference Guideline Values of Indoor Air Pollutants from the Governments and International Institutions. Atmosphere 14, 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040633
Heusinkveld HJ, Wahle T, Campbell A, Westerink RH, Tran L, Johnston H, Stone V, Cassee FR, Schins RP (2016) Neurodegenerative and neurological disorders by small inhaled particles. Neurotoxicology, 56, 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2016.07.007
Jiang B, Xie Y, Xia D & Liu X (2019) A potential source for PM2.5: Analysis of fine particle generation mechanism in Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization System by modeling drying and breakage of slurry droplet. Environmental Pollution, 246, 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.001
Johannson KA, Balmes JR & Harold R (2015) Air pollution exposure. A novel environmental risk factor for interstitial lung disease? Chest, 147, 1161- 1167. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-1299
Kelly FJ & Fussell JC (2019) Improving indoor air quality, health and performance within environments where people live, travel, learn and work. Atmospheric Environment, 200, 90-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.058
Li N, Sioutas C, Cho A, Schmitz D, Misra C, Sempf J, Wang M, Oberley T, Froines J, Nel A (2023) Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environ. Health Perspect, 11, 455–460. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6000
Lodovici M, Bigagli E (2011) Oxidative stress and air pollution exposure. J. Toxicol., 2011, Article ID 487074.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/487074
Madureira Joana, Slezakova Klara, Silva Ana Inês, Lage Bruna, Mendes Ana, Aguiar Lívia, Pereira Maria Carmo, Teixeira João Paulo, Costa Carla (2020) Assessment of indoor air exposure at residential homes: Inhalation dose and lung deposition of PM10, PM2.5 and ultrafine particles among newborn children and their mothers. Science of the Total Environment Volume 71715 Article number 137293.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137293
Maher BA, Ahmed IAM, Karloukovski V, MacLaren DA, Foulds PG, Allsop D, Mann DMA, Torres-Jardón R & Calderon-Garciduenas L (2016) Magnetite pollution nano- particles in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 10797-10801. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605941113
Manigrasso Maurizio, Costabile Francesca, Di Liberto Luca, Gobbi Gian Paolo, Gualtieri Maurizio, Zanini Gabriele, Avino Pasquale (2020) Size resolved aerosol respiratory doses in a Mediterranean urban area: From PM10 to ultrafine particles. Environment International Volume 141, Article number 105714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105714
Manigrasso M, Natale C, Vitali M, Protano C & Avino P (2017) Pedestrians in traffic environments: Ultrafine particle respiratory doses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14, art. 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030288
Marini S, Buonanno G, Stabile L & Avino P (2015) A benchmark for numerical scheme validation of airborne particle exposure in street canyons. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 2051-2063. https://10.1007/s11356-014-3491-6
Notardonato Ivan, Manigrasso Maurizio, Pierno Luigi, Settimo Gaetano, Protano Carmela, Vitali Matteo, Mattei Vincenzo, Martellucci Stefano, Di Fiore Cristina, Boccia Paolo, Avino Pasquale (2019) The Importance of Measuring Ultrafine Particles in Urban Air Quality Monitoring in Small Cities. Geographica Pannonica Volume 23, Issue 4, 347–358 – Special Issue. https://doi.org/10.5937/gp23-24447
Soggiu Maria Eleonora, Inglessis Marco, Gagliardi Roberta Valentina, Settimo Gaetano, Marsili Giovanni, Notardonato Ivan, Avino Pasquale (2020) PM10 and PM2.5 qualitative source apportionment using selective wind direction sampling in a port-industrial area in civitavecchia, Italy. Atmosphere 11, Article number 101.https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010094
Solange Costa, Joana Ferreira, Carlos Silveira, Carla Costa, Diogo Lopes, Hélder Relvas, Carlos Borrego, Peter Roebeling, Ana Isabel Miranda, João Paulo Teixeira (2014) Integrating Health on Air Quality Assessment—Review Report on Health Risks of Two Major European Outdoor Air Pollutants: PM and NO2. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B Volume 17, ssue 6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2014.946164
Stabile L, Buonanno G, Avino P, Frattolillo A & Guerriero E (2018). Indoor exposure to particles emitted by biomass-burning heating systems and evaluation of dose and lung cancer risk received by population. Environmental Pollution, 235, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.055
Tanvir Arfn, Anupama M Pillai, Nikhila Mathew, Abha Tirpude Roshani Bang, Pabitra Mondal (2023) An overview of atmospheric aerosol and their effects on human health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29652-w
Wang G, Bai X, Wu C, Li W, Liu K & Kiani A (2018) Recent advances in the beneficiation of ultrafine coal particles. Fuel Processing Technology, 178, 104-125. Htpps://10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.04.035
Word Health Organization. Guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants. ISBN 9789289002134
Wright LP, Zhang L, Cheng I, Aherne J & Wentworth GR (2018) Impacts and effects indicators of atmospheric deposition of major pollutants to various ecosystems - A review. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 18, 1953- 1992. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.03.0107
Urso Patrizia, Cattaneo Andrea, Garramone Gaetano, Peruzzo Carlo, Cavallo Domenico Maria, Carrer Paolo (2015) Identification of particulate matter determinants in residential homes. Building and Environment 86, 61 – 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.12.019
