Particulate Air Pollution in Central Serbia and some Proposed Measures for the Restoration of Degraded and Disturbed Mining Areas
Keywords:
mining areas, land restoration, air pollution, particulate matter, biocrusts, cyanobacteria
Abstract
Mining causes soil degradation, particle emission, and air and water quality deterioration. This study estimates some health risks in districts of Central Serbia af fected by surface mining activities, and proposes measures for land restoration. The epidemiological risk assessment was based on data for seven cancers and three cardiovascular diseases during 2010 - 2020. Results showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of lung and bronchial cancer in critical districts. Borski district stood out with the highest incidence rates for cardiovascular diseases. The suspected role of particulate air pollution from the mining industry in health deterioration calls for intensified air quality monitoring and development of mitigation technologies. A restoration strategy called the Pan-Life-Carpet technology is proposed for the restoration of mining areas and for air and water pollution control.
References
Antoninka, A., Faist, A., Rodríguez‐Caballero, E., Young, K. E., Chaudhary, V. B., Condon, L. A., & Pyke, D. A. (2020). Biological soil crusts in ecological restoration: emerging research and perspectives. Restoration Ecology, 28(S2). https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13201
Baumgertel, A., Lukić, S., Belanović Simić, S., & Kadović, R. (2019). Identifying Areas Sensitive to Wind Erosion—A Case Study of the AP Vojvodina (Serbia). Applied Sciences, 9(23), 5106. doi:10.3390/app9235106
Belnap, J., & Lange, L.O. (2003). Biological soil crusts: Structure, function, and management. In Ecological studies. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-56475-8
Bradshaw, A. (1997). Restoration of mined lands—using natural processes. Ecological Engineering, 8(4), 255 – 269. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8574(97)00022-0
Brown, J. S., Zeman, K. L., & Bennett, W. D. (2002). Ultrafine particle deposition and clearance in the healthy and obstructed lung. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 166(9), 1240 – 1247. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200205-399oc
Bu, C., Wu, S., Yang, Y., & Zheng, M. (2014). Identification of factors influencing the restoration of Cyanobacteria - Dominated biological soil crusts. PloS One, 9(3), e90049. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090049
Bui, X., Lee, C. W., Nguyen, H., Bui, H., Long, N. Q., Le, Q., . . . Moayedi, H. (2019). Estimating PM10 Concentration from Drilling Operations in Open-Pit Mines Using an Assembly of SVR and PSO. Applied Sciences (Basel), 9(14), 2806. doi:10.3390/app9142806
Chamizo, S., Cantón, Y., Rodríguez‐Caballero, E., & Domingo, F. (2016). Biocrusts positively affect the soil water balance in semiarid ecosystems. Ecohydrology, 9(7), 1208 - 1221. doi:10.1002/eco.1719
Chamizo, S., Mugnai, G., Rossi, F., Certini, G., & De Philippis, R. (2018). Cyanobacteria inoculation improves soil stability and fertility on different textured soils: gaining insights for applicability in soil restoration. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00049
Chi, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, G., Zhao, L., Gao, Y., Wang, D., . . . Wu, Z. (2020). Inhibiting desertification using aquatic cyanobacteria assisted by a nanocomposite. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(8), 3477 – 3486. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c00233
Colica, G., Li, H., Rossi, F., Li, D., Liu, Y., & De Philippis, R. (2014). Microbial secreted exopolysaccharides affect the hydrological behavior of induced biological soil crusts in desert sandy soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 68, 62 – 70. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.017
Csavina, J., Field, J. A., Taylor, M. P., Gao, S., Landázuri, A. C., Betterton, E. A., & Sáez, A. E. (2012). A review on the importance of metals and metalloids in atmospheric dust and aerosol from mining operations. Science of the Total Environment, 433, 58 – 73. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.013
Da Silva Rêgo, L. L., De Almeida, L. A., & Gasparotto, J. (2022). Toxicological effects of mining hazard elements. Energy Geoscience, 3(3), 255 – 262. doi:10.1016/j.engeos.2022.03.003
Dahlöf, B. (2010). Cardiovascular disease risk factors: Epidemiology and risk assessment. the American Journal of Cardiology, 105(1), 3A - 9A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.007
Doudle, S., & Williams, W. (2010). Can we kick-start mining rehabilitation with cyanobacterial crusts?. In D.J. Eldridge, & C. Waters (Eds), Proceedings of the 16th Biennial conference of the Australian rangeland society. Bourke: Australian Rangeland Society, Perth.
Doudle, S., Williams, W., Galea, V. (2011). Improving rehabilitation outcomes using biocrusts. Eighth international heavy minerals conference. Perth, 5 - 6 October.
Dulić, T., Meriluoto, J., Palanački Malešević, T., Gajić, V., Važić, T., Tokodi, N., . . . Svirčev, Z. (2017). Cyanobacterial diversity and toxicity of biocrusts from the Caspian Lowland loess deposits, North Iran. Quaternary International, 429, 74 – 85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.02.046
Eldridge, D.J., & Greene, R.S. (1994). Microbiotic soil crusts: A review of their roles in soil and ecological processes in the rangelands of Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 32, 389 – 415. doi:10.1071/SR9940389.
Electric Power Industry of Serbia - EPS. (2010). Technical Report. http://www.eps.rs/Eng/Tehnicki%20Izvestaji//TEH_Godisnjak2010_en_web.pdf.
Esch, L., & Hendryx, M. (2011). Chronic cardiovascular disease mortality in mountaintop mining areas of central Appalachian states. Journal of Rural Health, 27(4), 350 – 357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2011.00361.x
European Environment Agency - EEA. (2018). Corine Land Cover V2020_20u1.
Franck, U., Odeh, S., Wiedensohler, A., Wehner, B., & Herbarth, O. (2011). The effect of particle size on cardiovascular disorders - The smaller the worse. Science of the Total Environment, 409(20), 4217 – 4221. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.049
Gajić, G., (2014). Ekofiziološke adaptacije odabranih vrsta zeljastih biljaka na deponiji pepela termoelektrane ‘Nikola Tesla A’ u Obrenovcu. Belgrad: University of Belgrad; Faculty of biology.
Gaziano, J.M. (2001) Global burden of cardiovascular disease. In R. Zorab. (Ed.), Heart Disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine (pp. 1 - 18). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
Giltrap, D., Cavanagh, J., Stevenson, B., & Ausseil, A. (2021). The role of soils in the regulation of air quality. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376(1834), 20200172. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0172
Goldberg, P., Leclerc, A., Luce, D., Morcet, J-F., & Brugère, J. (1997). Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and occupation: results of a case control-study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54(7), 477 – 482. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.54.7.477
Goudie, A.S. (2014). Desert dust and human health disorders. Environment International, 63, 101 – 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.011
Hosgood, H. D., Chapman, R. S., Wei, H., He, X., Tian, L., Liu, L. Z., … Lan, Q. (2012). Coal mining is associated with lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China. American Journal of Industrial Medicine (Print), 55(1), 5 – 10. doi: 10.1002/ajim.21014
Ilić Krstić, I., Malenović Nikolić, J., & Janaćković, G. (2020). ECOLOGICAL SECURITY IN MAJDANPEK MINING AREA – a CASE STUDY. Facta Universitatis, 17(1), 65 - 74. https://doi.org/10.22190/fuwlep2001065i
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2016). Outdoor Air Pollution: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol. 109. Lyon, France: IARC.
International Commission on Radiological Protection - ICRP. (1995). Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection. Elsevier Health Sciences, 66.
Internet 1: Institute of Public Health of Serbia ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’ https://www.batut.org.rs/index.php?content=186 (04.10.2023).
Internet 2: Institute of Public Health of Serbia ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’ https://www.batut.org.rs/index.php?content=1413 (10.10.2023).
Internet 3: Institute of Public Health of Serbia ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’ https://www.batut.org.rs/index.php?category_id=109 (23.10.2023).
Internet 4: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/C06.9 (25.09.2023).
Internet 5: BioRender https://www.biorender.com/ (01.02.2024).
Internet 6: Institute of Public Health of Serbia ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’ https://www.batut.org.rs/download/nzr/Troskovi%20zdravstvene%20zastite%20prema%20mkb%202010-2017.pdf (10.11.2023).
The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) (2018). Summary for policymakers of the assessment report on land degradation and restoration of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. In R. Scholes, L. Montanarella, A. Brainich, N. Barger, B. ten Brink, & M. Cantele… (eds). IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany.
Jiang, C., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Yu, F., & Labzovskii, L. (2019). Challenging the land degradation in China’s Loess Plateau: Benefits, limitations, sustainability, and adaptive strategies of soil and water conservation. Ecological Engineering, 127, 135 – 150. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.11.018
Katra, I. (2020). Soil erosion by wind and dust emission in Semi-Arid soils due to agricultural activities. Agronomy (Basel), 10(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010089
Kelly, F. J., & Fussell, J. C. (2015). Air pollution and public health: emerging hazards and improved understanding of risk. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 37(4), 631 – 649. doi: 10.1007/s10653-015-9720-1
Knežević, J., Jović, B., Marić Tanasković, L., Mitrović-Josipović, M., Ljubičić, A., Stamenković, D., Dimić, B. (2021). Annual report on the state of air quality in the Republic of Serbia in 2020. Serbian Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Kumar Patra, A., Gautam, S., & Kumar, P. (2016). Emissions and human health impact of particulate matter from surface mining operation - A review. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 5, 233 – 249. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2016.04.002
Laforest, L., Luce, D., Goldberg, P., Bégin, D., Gérin, M., Demers, P.A., Brugère, J., Leclerc, A. (2000). Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers and occupational exposure to formaldehyde and various dusts: a case-control study in France. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;57:767 – 773.
Lan, S., Wu, L., Zhang, D., & Hu, C. (2012). Successional stages of biological soil crusts and their microstructure variability in Shapotou region (China). Environmental Earth Sciences, 65(1), 77 – 88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1066-0
Laney, A.S., & Weissman D.N. (2014). Respiratory Diseases Caused by Coal Mine Dust. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(0 10), S18 - S22. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000000260.
Li, S., & Liber, K. (2018). Influence of different revegetation choices on plant community and soil development nine years after initial planting on a reclaimed coal gob pile in the Shanxi mining area, China. Science of the Total Environment, 618, 1314 – 1323. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.252
Li, Z., Chen, C., Gao, Y., Wang, B., Wang, D., Du, Y., . . . Cai, D. (2021). Synergistic effect of cyanobacteria and nano-sand-stabilizer on biocrust formation and sand fixation. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(1), 104887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104887
Ličina, V., Nešić, Lj., Belić, M., Hadžić, V., Sekulić, P., Vasin, J., & Ninkov, J. (2011). The soils of Serbia and their degradation. Ratarstvo I Povrtarstvo, 48(2), 285–290. https://doi.org/10.5937/ratpov1102285l
Loomis, D., Grosse, Y., Lauby‐Secretan, B., El Ghissassi, F., Bouvard, V., Benbrahim‐Tallaa, L., … Straif, K. (2013). The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution. The Lancet Oncology, 14(13), 1262 – 1263. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70487-x
Malam Issa, O., Le Bissonnais, Y., Défarge, C., & Trichet, J. (2001). Role of a cyanobacterial cover on structural stability of sandy soils in the Sahelian part of western Niger. Geoderma, 101(3–4), 15 – 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(00)00093-8
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A review. Frontiers in Public Health, 8. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
Matić Savićević B. & Stojanović M. (2019). Zagađenost urbanog vazduha na teritoriji Republike Srbije merena u mreži institucija javnog zdravlja u 2018. godini [Urban air pollution in the territory of the Republic of Serbia measured in the network of public health institutions in 2018]. Beograd: Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’.
Matić Savićević, B. (2020). Zagađenost urbanog vazduha na teritoriji Republike Srbije merena u mreži institucija javnog zdravlja u 2020. godini [Urban air pollution in the territory of the Republic of Serbia measured in the network of public health institutions in 2020]. Beograd: Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’.
Milanović, M., Tomić, M., Perović, V., Radovanović, M., Mukherjee, S., Jakšić, D., Petrović, M., & Radovanović, A. (2017). Land degradation analysis of mine-impacted zone of Kolubara in Serbia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 76(16). doi: 10.1007/s12665-017-6896-y
Minowa, M., Stone, B.J., & Blot, W.J. (1988) Geographic pattern of lung cancer in Japan and its environemtal correlation. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 79, 1017 - 1023.
Mugnai, G., Rossi, F., Felde, V. J.M.N.L., Colesie, C., Büdel, B., Peth, S., . . . De Philippis, R. (2017). Development of the polysaccharidic matrix in biocrusts induced by a cyanobacterium inoculated in sand microcosms. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 54(1), 27 – 40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-017-1234-9
Muratović, E. (2015). Životna sredina, zdravstveno stanje stanovništva i teritorijalni razvoj opštine Lazarevac [Environment, population health and teritorial development of the Lazarevac muncipality]. In: Zbornik radova mladih istraživača, Planska i normativna zaštita prostora i životne sredine. Palić-Subotica.
Nišić, D.D., Knežević, D.N., Pantelić, U.R., (2015). Klasifikacija deponije pepela Termoelektrane ‘Nikola Tesla B’ po stepenu rizičnosti. Tehnika, 70(5), 769 - 776. doi:10.5937/tehnika1505769N
Nkosi, V., Wichmann, J., & Voyi, K. (2016). Comorbidity of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among the elderly residing close to mine dumps in South Africa: A cross-sectional study. South African Medical Journal, 106(3), 290 - 297. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.2016.v106i3.10243
Orellano, P., Reynoso, J., Quaranta ,N., Bardach, A., & Ciapponi, A. (2020). Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Environment International, 142, 105876. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105876
Padró, J.C., Cardozo, J., Montero, P., Ruiz-Carulla, R., Alcañiz, J. M., Serra, D., & Carabassa, V. (2022). Drone-Based identification of erosive processes in Open-Pit mining restored areas. Land, 11(2), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020212
Palanačli Malešević, T., Dulić, T., Obreht, I., Trivunović, Z., Marković, R., Kostić, B., . . . Svirčev, Z. (2021). Cyanobacterial Potential for Restoration of Loess Surfaces through Artificially Induced Biocrusts. Applied Sciences (Basel), 11(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010066
Park, C-H., Li, X., Jia, R.L., & Hur, J-S. (2014). Effects of superabsorbent polymer on cyanobacterial biological soil crust formation in laboratory. Arid Land Research and Management, 29(1), 55 – 71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2014.928835
Pavlović, P., & Mitrović, M, (2013). Thermal power plants in Serbia—the impact of ash on soil and plants. In: Anđelković, M. (ed) Energy and the environment, scientific meetings, Book 4, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU), Belgrade, pp 429 – 433 (in Serbian).
Pavlović, P., Kostić, N., Karadžić, B., & Mitrović, M. (2017). The soils of Serbia. In World soils book series. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-8660-7
Perović, V., Kadović, R., Djurdjević, V., Pavlović, D., Pavlović, M., Čakmak, D., … Pavlović, P. (2021). Major drivers of land degradation risk in Western Serbia: Current trends and future scenarios. Ecological Indicators, 123, 107377. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107377
Popović, V., Živanović Miljković, J., Subić, J., Jean-Vasile, A., Nedelcu, A., & Nicolăescu, E. (2015). Sustainable land management in mining areas in Serbia and Romania. Sustainability (Basel), 7(9), 11857 – 11877. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70911857
Ranđelović, D. (2017). Reclamation methods and their outcomes in Serbian mining basins. 2nd International and 14th National Congress of Soil Science Society of Serbia-Solutions and Projections for Sustainable Soil Management.25-28th September 2017, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Rao, B., Liu, Y., Wang, W., Hu, C., Li, D., & Lan, S. (2009). Influence of dew on biomass and photosystem II activity of cyanobacterial crusts in the Hopq Desert, northwest China. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41(12), 2387 – 2393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.005
Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia
Rezasoltani, S., Champagne, P., & Mann, V. (2023). Improvement in mine tailings biophysicochemical properties by means of cyanobacterial inoculation. Waste and Biomass Valorization. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02195-4
Ross, M. H., & Murray, J. (2004). Occupational respiratory disease in mining. Occupational Medicine, 54(5), 304 – 310. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqh073
Rossi, F. (2020). Beneficial biofilms for land rehabilitation and fertilization. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 367(21). https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnaa184
Rossi, F., & De Philippis, R. (2015). Role of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides in phototrophic biofilms and in complex microbial mats. Life, 5(2), 1218 – 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/life5021218
Rossi, F., Li, H., Liu, Y., & De Philippis, R. (2017). Cyanobacterial inoculation (cyanobacterisation): Perspectives for the development of a standardized multifunctional technology for soil fertilization and desertification reversal. Earth-Science Reviews, 171, 28 –43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.05.006
Sacks, J.D., Stanek, L.W., Luben, T.J., Johns, D.O., Buckley, B.J., Brown, J.S., & Ross, M. (2011). Particulate Matter–Induced health effects: Who is susceptible? Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(4), 446 – 454. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002255
Sankaran, G., Tan, S.T., Yap, R., Chua, M.L., Ng, L.C., & George, S. (2023). Characterization of size-differentiated airborne particulate matter collected from indoor environments of childcare facilities. Chemosphere, 340, 139670. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139670
Serbian Environmental Protection Agency - SEPA. (2018). Report on soil conditions in the Republic of Serbia. Ministry of Environmental Protection, Belgrade.
Serbula, S. M., Antonijević, M. M., Milošević, N., Milić, S., & Ilic, A. A. (2010). Concentrations of particulate matter and arsenic in Bor (Serbia). Journal of Hazardous Materials (Print), 181(1 – 3), 43 – 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.065
Serbula, S. M., Milosavljević, J., Radojević, A. A., Kalinović, J. V., & Kalinović, T. S. (2017). Extreme air pollution with contaminants originating from the mining–metallurgical processes. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 1066 – 1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.091
Shrivastava, S., Sahu, P., Singh, A., & Shrivastava L. (2015) Fly ash disposal and diseases in nearby villages (A Survey). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 939 - 946.
Sun, W., Shao, Q., & Liu, J. (2013). Soil erosion and its response to the changes of precipitation and vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 23(6), 1091 – 1106. doi: 10.1007/s11442-013-1065-z
Svirčev, Z., Dulić, T., Obreht, I., Codd, G. A., Lehmkuhl, F., Marković, S. B., . . . Meriluoto, J. (2019). Cyanobacteria and loess—an underestimated interaction. Plant and Soil, 439(1 – 2), 293 – 308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04048-3
Svirčev, Z., Marković, S. B., Stevens, T., Codd, G. A., Smalley, I., Simeunović, J., . . . Hambach, U. (2013). Importance of biological loess crusts for loess formation in semi-arid environments. Quaternary International, 296, 206 – 215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.10.048
Talukder, B., Ganguli, N., Matthew, R. A., vanLoon, G. W., Hipel, K. W., & Orbinski, J. (2021). Climate change‐triggered land degradation and planetary health: A review. Land Degradation & Development, 32(16), 4509 – 4522. doi: 10.1002/ldr.4056
Tian, S., Liang, T., & Li, K. (2019). Fine road dust contamination in a mining area presents a likely air pollution hotspot and threat to human health. Environment International, 128, 201 – 209. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.050
Tomášková, H., Jirák, Z., Šplíchalová, A., & Urban, P. (2012). Cancer incidence in Czech black coal miners in association with coalworkers’ pneumoconiosis. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 25(2). doi: 10.2478/s13382-012-0015-9
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - USEPA. (2016). Particulate matter (PM) basics. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics.
Une, H., Esaki, H., Osajima, K., Ikui, H., Kodama, K., & Hatada, K. (1995). A Prospective Study on Mortality among Japanese Coal Miners. Industrial Health, 33(2), 67 – 76. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.33.67
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) (1994). United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification Particularly in Africa; United Nations: Paris, France.
United Nations Development Programme - UNDP. (2022). Soil Degradation and Climate Change in Serbia. ISBN 978-86-7728-356-8.
Valavanidis, A., Fiotakis, K., & Vlachogianni, T. (2008). Airborne particulate matter and human health: toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 26(4), 339 – 362. doi: 10.1080/10590500802494538
Vasić, A., Vasiljević, Z., Mickovski-Katalina, N., Mandić-Rajčević, S., & Soldatović, I. (2022). Temporal Trends in Acute Coronary Syndrome Mortality in Serbia in 2005 – 2019: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis Using Data from the Serbian Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry (RAACS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 14457. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114457
Veste, M. (2005). Importance of biological soil crusts for rehabilitation of degraded arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 3(4), 42 - 47.
Wang, W., Liu, Y., Li, D., Hu, C., & Rao, B. (2009). Feasibility of cyanobacterial inoculation for biological soil crusts formation in desert area. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41(5), 926 - 929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.001
Waste Management Program of the Republic of Serbia for the period of 2022 - 2031. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No 12/2022. https://www.ekologija.gov.rs/
Whiteside, M., & Herndon, J. M. (2018). Coal fly ash aerosol: risk factor for lung cancer. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 25(4), 1 – 10. doi: 10.9734/jammr/2018/39758
Williams, A. J., Buck, B. J., & Beyene, M. (2012). Biological Soil Crusts in the Mojave Desert, USA: Micromorphology and Pedogenesis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 76(5), 1685 – 1695. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0021
Williams, W., Chilton, A., Schneemilch, M., Williams, S., Neilan, B., & Driscoll, C. (2019). Microbial biobanking – cyanobacteria-rich topsoil facilitates mine rehabilitation. Biogeosciences (Print), 16(10), 2189 – 2204. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2189-2019
World Bank, 2016. The cost of air pollution: strengthening the economic case for action. World Bank Group. Washington, D.C.
World Health Organization - WHO. (2019). Health Impact of ambient air pollution in Serbia. A call to action.
World Health Organization - WHO. (2021). WHO global air quality guidelines. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva.
Xing, Y.-F., Xu, Y.-H., Shi, M.-H., & Lian, Y.-X. (2016). The impact of PM2.5 on the human respiratory system. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 8(1), E69 – E74. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2016.01.19
Yang, Y., Ruan, Z., Wang, X., Yang, Y., Mason, T.G., Lin, H., & Tian, L. (2019). Short-term and long-term exposures to fine particulate matter constituents and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Pollution, 247, 874 – 882. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.060
Zanetta-Colombo, N. C., Fleming, Z. L., Gayó, E. M., Manzano, C., Panagi, M., Valdés, J., & Siegmund, A. (2022). Impact of mining on the metal content of dust in indigenous villages of northern Chile. Environment International, 169, 107490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107490
Zhu, S-C., Zheng, H-X., Liu, W-S., Liu, C., Guo, M-N., Huot, H., . . . Tang, Y-T. (2022). Plant-Soil Feedbacks for the restoration of degraded mine lands: a review. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.751794
Baumgertel, A., Lukić, S., Belanović Simić, S., & Kadović, R. (2019). Identifying Areas Sensitive to Wind Erosion—A Case Study of the AP Vojvodina (Serbia). Applied Sciences, 9(23), 5106. doi:10.3390/app9235106
Belnap, J., & Lange, L.O. (2003). Biological soil crusts: Structure, function, and management. In Ecological studies. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-56475-8
Bradshaw, A. (1997). Restoration of mined lands—using natural processes. Ecological Engineering, 8(4), 255 – 269. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8574(97)00022-0
Brown, J. S., Zeman, K. L., & Bennett, W. D. (2002). Ultrafine particle deposition and clearance in the healthy and obstructed lung. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 166(9), 1240 – 1247. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200205-399oc
Bu, C., Wu, S., Yang, Y., & Zheng, M. (2014). Identification of factors influencing the restoration of Cyanobacteria - Dominated biological soil crusts. PloS One, 9(3), e90049. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090049
Bui, X., Lee, C. W., Nguyen, H., Bui, H., Long, N. Q., Le, Q., . . . Moayedi, H. (2019). Estimating PM10 Concentration from Drilling Operations in Open-Pit Mines Using an Assembly of SVR and PSO. Applied Sciences (Basel), 9(14), 2806. doi:10.3390/app9142806
Chamizo, S., Cantón, Y., Rodríguez‐Caballero, E., & Domingo, F. (2016). Biocrusts positively affect the soil water balance in semiarid ecosystems. Ecohydrology, 9(7), 1208 - 1221. doi:10.1002/eco.1719
Chamizo, S., Mugnai, G., Rossi, F., Certini, G., & De Philippis, R. (2018). Cyanobacteria inoculation improves soil stability and fertility on different textured soils: gaining insights for applicability in soil restoration. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00049
Chi, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, G., Zhao, L., Gao, Y., Wang, D., . . . Wu, Z. (2020). Inhibiting desertification using aquatic cyanobacteria assisted by a nanocomposite. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(8), 3477 – 3486. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c00233
Colica, G., Li, H., Rossi, F., Li, D., Liu, Y., & De Philippis, R. (2014). Microbial secreted exopolysaccharides affect the hydrological behavior of induced biological soil crusts in desert sandy soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 68, 62 – 70. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.017
Csavina, J., Field, J. A., Taylor, M. P., Gao, S., Landázuri, A. C., Betterton, E. A., & Sáez, A. E. (2012). A review on the importance of metals and metalloids in atmospheric dust and aerosol from mining operations. Science of the Total Environment, 433, 58 – 73. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.013
Da Silva Rêgo, L. L., De Almeida, L. A., & Gasparotto, J. (2022). Toxicological effects of mining hazard elements. Energy Geoscience, 3(3), 255 – 262. doi:10.1016/j.engeos.2022.03.003
Dahlöf, B. (2010). Cardiovascular disease risk factors: Epidemiology and risk assessment. the American Journal of Cardiology, 105(1), 3A - 9A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.007
Doudle, S., & Williams, W. (2010). Can we kick-start mining rehabilitation with cyanobacterial crusts?. In D.J. Eldridge, & C. Waters (Eds), Proceedings of the 16th Biennial conference of the Australian rangeland society. Bourke: Australian Rangeland Society, Perth.
Doudle, S., Williams, W., Galea, V. (2011). Improving rehabilitation outcomes using biocrusts. Eighth international heavy minerals conference. Perth, 5 - 6 October.
Dulić, T., Meriluoto, J., Palanački Malešević, T., Gajić, V., Važić, T., Tokodi, N., . . . Svirčev, Z. (2017). Cyanobacterial diversity and toxicity of biocrusts from the Caspian Lowland loess deposits, North Iran. Quaternary International, 429, 74 – 85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.02.046
Eldridge, D.J., & Greene, R.S. (1994). Microbiotic soil crusts: A review of their roles in soil and ecological processes in the rangelands of Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 32, 389 – 415. doi:10.1071/SR9940389.
Electric Power Industry of Serbia - EPS. (2010). Technical Report. http://www.eps.rs/Eng/Tehnicki%20Izvestaji//TEH_Godisnjak2010_en_web.pdf.
Esch, L., & Hendryx, M. (2011). Chronic cardiovascular disease mortality in mountaintop mining areas of central Appalachian states. Journal of Rural Health, 27(4), 350 – 357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2011.00361.x
European Environment Agency - EEA. (2018). Corine Land Cover V2020_20u1.
Franck, U., Odeh, S., Wiedensohler, A., Wehner, B., & Herbarth, O. (2011). The effect of particle size on cardiovascular disorders - The smaller the worse. Science of the Total Environment, 409(20), 4217 – 4221. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.049
Gajić, G., (2014). Ekofiziološke adaptacije odabranih vrsta zeljastih biljaka na deponiji pepela termoelektrane ‘Nikola Tesla A’ u Obrenovcu. Belgrad: University of Belgrad; Faculty of biology.
Gaziano, J.M. (2001) Global burden of cardiovascular disease. In R. Zorab. (Ed.), Heart Disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine (pp. 1 - 18). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
Giltrap, D., Cavanagh, J., Stevenson, B., & Ausseil, A. (2021). The role of soils in the regulation of air quality. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376(1834), 20200172. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0172
Goldberg, P., Leclerc, A., Luce, D., Morcet, J-F., & Brugère, J. (1997). Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and occupation: results of a case control-study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54(7), 477 – 482. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.54.7.477
Goudie, A.S. (2014). Desert dust and human health disorders. Environment International, 63, 101 – 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.011
Hosgood, H. D., Chapman, R. S., Wei, H., He, X., Tian, L., Liu, L. Z., … Lan, Q. (2012). Coal mining is associated with lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China. American Journal of Industrial Medicine (Print), 55(1), 5 – 10. doi: 10.1002/ajim.21014
Ilić Krstić, I., Malenović Nikolić, J., & Janaćković, G. (2020). ECOLOGICAL SECURITY IN MAJDANPEK MINING AREA – a CASE STUDY. Facta Universitatis, 17(1), 65 - 74. https://doi.org/10.22190/fuwlep2001065i
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2016). Outdoor Air Pollution: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol. 109. Lyon, France: IARC.
International Commission on Radiological Protection - ICRP. (1995). Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection. Elsevier Health Sciences, 66.
Internet 1: Institute of Public Health of Serbia ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’ https://www.batut.org.rs/index.php?content=186 (04.10.2023).
Internet 2: Institute of Public Health of Serbia ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’ https://www.batut.org.rs/index.php?content=1413 (10.10.2023).
Internet 3: Institute of Public Health of Serbia ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’ https://www.batut.org.rs/index.php?category_id=109 (23.10.2023).
Internet 4: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/C06.9 (25.09.2023).
Internet 5: BioRender https://www.biorender.com/ (01.02.2024).
Internet 6: Institute of Public Health of Serbia ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’ https://www.batut.org.rs/download/nzr/Troskovi%20zdravstvene%20zastite%20prema%20mkb%202010-2017.pdf (10.11.2023).
The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) (2018). Summary for policymakers of the assessment report on land degradation and restoration of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. In R. Scholes, L. Montanarella, A. Brainich, N. Barger, B. ten Brink, & M. Cantele… (eds). IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany.
Jiang, C., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Yu, F., & Labzovskii, L. (2019). Challenging the land degradation in China’s Loess Plateau: Benefits, limitations, sustainability, and adaptive strategies of soil and water conservation. Ecological Engineering, 127, 135 – 150. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.11.018
Katra, I. (2020). Soil erosion by wind and dust emission in Semi-Arid soils due to agricultural activities. Agronomy (Basel), 10(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010089
Kelly, F. J., & Fussell, J. C. (2015). Air pollution and public health: emerging hazards and improved understanding of risk. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 37(4), 631 – 649. doi: 10.1007/s10653-015-9720-1
Knežević, J., Jović, B., Marić Tanasković, L., Mitrović-Josipović, M., Ljubičić, A., Stamenković, D., Dimić, B. (2021). Annual report on the state of air quality in the Republic of Serbia in 2020. Serbian Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Kumar Patra, A., Gautam, S., & Kumar, P. (2016). Emissions and human health impact of particulate matter from surface mining operation - A review. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 5, 233 – 249. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2016.04.002
Laforest, L., Luce, D., Goldberg, P., Bégin, D., Gérin, M., Demers, P.A., Brugère, J., Leclerc, A. (2000). Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers and occupational exposure to formaldehyde and various dusts: a case-control study in France. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;57:767 – 773.
Lan, S., Wu, L., Zhang, D., & Hu, C. (2012). Successional stages of biological soil crusts and their microstructure variability in Shapotou region (China). Environmental Earth Sciences, 65(1), 77 – 88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1066-0
Laney, A.S., & Weissman D.N. (2014). Respiratory Diseases Caused by Coal Mine Dust. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(0 10), S18 - S22. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000000260.
Li, S., & Liber, K. (2018). Influence of different revegetation choices on plant community and soil development nine years after initial planting on a reclaimed coal gob pile in the Shanxi mining area, China. Science of the Total Environment, 618, 1314 – 1323. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.252
Li, Z., Chen, C., Gao, Y., Wang, B., Wang, D., Du, Y., . . . Cai, D. (2021). Synergistic effect of cyanobacteria and nano-sand-stabilizer on biocrust formation and sand fixation. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(1), 104887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104887
Ličina, V., Nešić, Lj., Belić, M., Hadžić, V., Sekulić, P., Vasin, J., & Ninkov, J. (2011). The soils of Serbia and their degradation. Ratarstvo I Povrtarstvo, 48(2), 285–290. https://doi.org/10.5937/ratpov1102285l
Loomis, D., Grosse, Y., Lauby‐Secretan, B., El Ghissassi, F., Bouvard, V., Benbrahim‐Tallaa, L., … Straif, K. (2013). The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution. The Lancet Oncology, 14(13), 1262 – 1263. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70487-x
Malam Issa, O., Le Bissonnais, Y., Défarge, C., & Trichet, J. (2001). Role of a cyanobacterial cover on structural stability of sandy soils in the Sahelian part of western Niger. Geoderma, 101(3–4), 15 – 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(00)00093-8
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A review. Frontiers in Public Health, 8. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
Matić Savićević B. & Stojanović M. (2019). Zagađenost urbanog vazduha na teritoriji Republike Srbije merena u mreži institucija javnog zdravlja u 2018. godini [Urban air pollution in the territory of the Republic of Serbia measured in the network of public health institutions in 2018]. Beograd: Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’.
Matić Savićević, B. (2020). Zagađenost urbanog vazduha na teritoriji Republike Srbije merena u mreži institucija javnog zdravlja u 2020. godini [Urban air pollution in the territory of the Republic of Serbia measured in the network of public health institutions in 2020]. Beograd: Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije ‘Dr Milan Jovanović Batut’.
Milanović, M., Tomić, M., Perović, V., Radovanović, M., Mukherjee, S., Jakšić, D., Petrović, M., & Radovanović, A. (2017). Land degradation analysis of mine-impacted zone of Kolubara in Serbia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 76(16). doi: 10.1007/s12665-017-6896-y
Minowa, M., Stone, B.J., & Blot, W.J. (1988) Geographic pattern of lung cancer in Japan and its environemtal correlation. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 79, 1017 - 1023.
Mugnai, G., Rossi, F., Felde, V. J.M.N.L., Colesie, C., Büdel, B., Peth, S., . . . De Philippis, R. (2017). Development of the polysaccharidic matrix in biocrusts induced by a cyanobacterium inoculated in sand microcosms. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 54(1), 27 – 40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-017-1234-9
Muratović, E. (2015). Životna sredina, zdravstveno stanje stanovništva i teritorijalni razvoj opštine Lazarevac [Environment, population health and teritorial development of the Lazarevac muncipality]. In: Zbornik radova mladih istraživača, Planska i normativna zaštita prostora i životne sredine. Palić-Subotica.
Nišić, D.D., Knežević, D.N., Pantelić, U.R., (2015). Klasifikacija deponije pepela Termoelektrane ‘Nikola Tesla B’ po stepenu rizičnosti. Tehnika, 70(5), 769 - 776. doi:10.5937/tehnika1505769N
Nkosi, V., Wichmann, J., & Voyi, K. (2016). Comorbidity of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among the elderly residing close to mine dumps in South Africa: A cross-sectional study. South African Medical Journal, 106(3), 290 - 297. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.2016.v106i3.10243
Orellano, P., Reynoso, J., Quaranta ,N., Bardach, A., & Ciapponi, A. (2020). Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Environment International, 142, 105876. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105876
Padró, J.C., Cardozo, J., Montero, P., Ruiz-Carulla, R., Alcañiz, J. M., Serra, D., & Carabassa, V. (2022). Drone-Based identification of erosive processes in Open-Pit mining restored areas. Land, 11(2), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020212
Palanačli Malešević, T., Dulić, T., Obreht, I., Trivunović, Z., Marković, R., Kostić, B., . . . Svirčev, Z. (2021). Cyanobacterial Potential for Restoration of Loess Surfaces through Artificially Induced Biocrusts. Applied Sciences (Basel), 11(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010066
Park, C-H., Li, X., Jia, R.L., & Hur, J-S. (2014). Effects of superabsorbent polymer on cyanobacterial biological soil crust formation in laboratory. Arid Land Research and Management, 29(1), 55 – 71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2014.928835
Pavlović, P., & Mitrović, M, (2013). Thermal power plants in Serbia—the impact of ash on soil and plants. In: Anđelković, M. (ed) Energy and the environment, scientific meetings, Book 4, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU), Belgrade, pp 429 – 433 (in Serbian).
Pavlović, P., Kostić, N., Karadžić, B., & Mitrović, M. (2017). The soils of Serbia. In World soils book series. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-8660-7
Perović, V., Kadović, R., Djurdjević, V., Pavlović, D., Pavlović, M., Čakmak, D., … Pavlović, P. (2021). Major drivers of land degradation risk in Western Serbia: Current trends and future scenarios. Ecological Indicators, 123, 107377. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107377
Popović, V., Živanović Miljković, J., Subić, J., Jean-Vasile, A., Nedelcu, A., & Nicolăescu, E. (2015). Sustainable land management in mining areas in Serbia and Romania. Sustainability (Basel), 7(9), 11857 – 11877. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70911857
Ranđelović, D. (2017). Reclamation methods and their outcomes in Serbian mining basins. 2nd International and 14th National Congress of Soil Science Society of Serbia-Solutions and Projections for Sustainable Soil Management.25-28th September 2017, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Rao, B., Liu, Y., Wang, W., Hu, C., Li, D., & Lan, S. (2009). Influence of dew on biomass and photosystem II activity of cyanobacterial crusts in the Hopq Desert, northwest China. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41(12), 2387 – 2393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.005
Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia
Rezasoltani, S., Champagne, P., & Mann, V. (2023). Improvement in mine tailings biophysicochemical properties by means of cyanobacterial inoculation. Waste and Biomass Valorization. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02195-4
Ross, M. H., & Murray, J. (2004). Occupational respiratory disease in mining. Occupational Medicine, 54(5), 304 – 310. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqh073
Rossi, F. (2020). Beneficial biofilms for land rehabilitation and fertilization. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 367(21). https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnaa184
Rossi, F., & De Philippis, R. (2015). Role of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides in phototrophic biofilms and in complex microbial mats. Life, 5(2), 1218 – 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/life5021218
Rossi, F., Li, H., Liu, Y., & De Philippis, R. (2017). Cyanobacterial inoculation (cyanobacterisation): Perspectives for the development of a standardized multifunctional technology for soil fertilization and desertification reversal. Earth-Science Reviews, 171, 28 –43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.05.006
Sacks, J.D., Stanek, L.W., Luben, T.J., Johns, D.O., Buckley, B.J., Brown, J.S., & Ross, M. (2011). Particulate Matter–Induced health effects: Who is susceptible? Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(4), 446 – 454. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002255
Sankaran, G., Tan, S.T., Yap, R., Chua, M.L., Ng, L.C., & George, S. (2023). Characterization of size-differentiated airborne particulate matter collected from indoor environments of childcare facilities. Chemosphere, 340, 139670. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139670
Serbian Environmental Protection Agency - SEPA. (2018). Report on soil conditions in the Republic of Serbia. Ministry of Environmental Protection, Belgrade.
Serbula, S. M., Antonijević, M. M., Milošević, N., Milić, S., & Ilic, A. A. (2010). Concentrations of particulate matter and arsenic in Bor (Serbia). Journal of Hazardous Materials (Print), 181(1 – 3), 43 – 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.065
Serbula, S. M., Milosavljević, J., Radojević, A. A., Kalinović, J. V., & Kalinović, T. S. (2017). Extreme air pollution with contaminants originating from the mining–metallurgical processes. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 1066 – 1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.091
Shrivastava, S., Sahu, P., Singh, A., & Shrivastava L. (2015) Fly ash disposal and diseases in nearby villages (A Survey). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 939 - 946.
Sun, W., Shao, Q., & Liu, J. (2013). Soil erosion and its response to the changes of precipitation and vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 23(6), 1091 – 1106. doi: 10.1007/s11442-013-1065-z
Svirčev, Z., Dulić, T., Obreht, I., Codd, G. A., Lehmkuhl, F., Marković, S. B., . . . Meriluoto, J. (2019). Cyanobacteria and loess—an underestimated interaction. Plant and Soil, 439(1 – 2), 293 – 308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04048-3
Svirčev, Z., Marković, S. B., Stevens, T., Codd, G. A., Smalley, I., Simeunović, J., . . . Hambach, U. (2013). Importance of biological loess crusts for loess formation in semi-arid environments. Quaternary International, 296, 206 – 215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.10.048
Talukder, B., Ganguli, N., Matthew, R. A., vanLoon, G. W., Hipel, K. W., & Orbinski, J. (2021). Climate change‐triggered land degradation and planetary health: A review. Land Degradation & Development, 32(16), 4509 – 4522. doi: 10.1002/ldr.4056
Tian, S., Liang, T., & Li, K. (2019). Fine road dust contamination in a mining area presents a likely air pollution hotspot and threat to human health. Environment International, 128, 201 – 209. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.050
Tomášková, H., Jirák, Z., Šplíchalová, A., & Urban, P. (2012). Cancer incidence in Czech black coal miners in association with coalworkers’ pneumoconiosis. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 25(2). doi: 10.2478/s13382-012-0015-9
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - USEPA. (2016). Particulate matter (PM) basics. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics.
Une, H., Esaki, H., Osajima, K., Ikui, H., Kodama, K., & Hatada, K. (1995). A Prospective Study on Mortality among Japanese Coal Miners. Industrial Health, 33(2), 67 – 76. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.33.67
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) (1994). United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification Particularly in Africa; United Nations: Paris, France.
United Nations Development Programme - UNDP. (2022). Soil Degradation and Climate Change in Serbia. ISBN 978-86-7728-356-8.
Valavanidis, A., Fiotakis, K., & Vlachogianni, T. (2008). Airborne particulate matter and human health: toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 26(4), 339 – 362. doi: 10.1080/10590500802494538
Vasić, A., Vasiljević, Z., Mickovski-Katalina, N., Mandić-Rajčević, S., & Soldatović, I. (2022). Temporal Trends in Acute Coronary Syndrome Mortality in Serbia in 2005 – 2019: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis Using Data from the Serbian Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry (RAACS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 14457. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114457
Veste, M. (2005). Importance of biological soil crusts for rehabilitation of degraded arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 3(4), 42 - 47.
Wang, W., Liu, Y., Li, D., Hu, C., & Rao, B. (2009). Feasibility of cyanobacterial inoculation for biological soil crusts formation in desert area. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41(5), 926 - 929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.001
Waste Management Program of the Republic of Serbia for the period of 2022 - 2031. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No 12/2022. https://www.ekologija.gov.rs/
Whiteside, M., & Herndon, J. M. (2018). Coal fly ash aerosol: risk factor for lung cancer. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 25(4), 1 – 10. doi: 10.9734/jammr/2018/39758
Williams, A. J., Buck, B. J., & Beyene, M. (2012). Biological Soil Crusts in the Mojave Desert, USA: Micromorphology and Pedogenesis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 76(5), 1685 – 1695. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0021
Williams, W., Chilton, A., Schneemilch, M., Williams, S., Neilan, B., & Driscoll, C. (2019). Microbial biobanking – cyanobacteria-rich topsoil facilitates mine rehabilitation. Biogeosciences (Print), 16(10), 2189 – 2204. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2189-2019
World Bank, 2016. The cost of air pollution: strengthening the economic case for action. World Bank Group. Washington, D.C.
World Health Organization - WHO. (2019). Health Impact of ambient air pollution in Serbia. A call to action.
World Health Organization - WHO. (2021). WHO global air quality guidelines. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva.
Xing, Y.-F., Xu, Y.-H., Shi, M.-H., & Lian, Y.-X. (2016). The impact of PM2.5 on the human respiratory system. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 8(1), E69 – E74. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2016.01.19
Yang, Y., Ruan, Z., Wang, X., Yang, Y., Mason, T.G., Lin, H., & Tian, L. (2019). Short-term and long-term exposures to fine particulate matter constituents and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Pollution, 247, 874 – 882. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.060
Zanetta-Colombo, N. C., Fleming, Z. L., Gayó, E. M., Manzano, C., Panagi, M., Valdés, J., & Siegmund, A. (2022). Impact of mining on the metal content of dust in indigenous villages of northern Chile. Environment International, 169, 107490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107490
Zhu, S-C., Zheng, H-X., Liu, W-S., Liu, C., Guo, M-N., Huot, H., . . . Tang, Y-T. (2022). Plant-Soil Feedbacks for the restoration of degraded mine lands: a review. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.751794
