Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jas
„Journal of Agricultural Sciences“, zvanični časopis Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu-Zemunu, objavljuje radove iz svih oblasti poljoprivrede.
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture
sr-RS@latin
Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
1450-8109
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ŽIVOTNA SPOSOBNOST SEMENA KRUPNIKA PROIZVEDENOG U INSTITUTU ZA KUKURUZ „ZEMUN POLJE”
https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jas/article/view/49492
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Po svom privrednom značaju kukuruz je jedna od najva</span><span lang="sr-Latn-RS" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: #241A;">ž</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">nijih ratarskih biljaka. Veliki značaj kukuruza proizilazi iz raznovrsne upotrebe, velike rodnosti i obima proizvodnje. </span><span lang="SR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: SR;">Kako je za uspešnu proizvodnju neophodno kvalitetno seme, cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita životna sposobnost semena kukuruza poreklom iz dva različita načina proizvodnje – organskog i konvencionalnog. Korišćeno je </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">seme kukuruza sorte Rumenka (konvencionalno i organski proizvedeno), a ispitano je u Laboratoriji za ispitivanje semena Instituta za kukuruz “Zemun polje”. Prema</span> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">dobijenim</span> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">rezultatima može se zaključiti da je nakon minimalnih razlika u procentu energije klijanja konvencionalnog i organskog kukuruza, ukupna klijavost bila identična (98%). Rezultati ispitivanja klijavosti nakon ubrzanog starenja semena ukazuju da je ukupna klijavost kukuruza bila viša kod organskog semena (39%) u odnosu na konvencionalno seme (33%). Provodljivost ekstrakta po gramu mase semena konvencionalnog kukuruza u proseku daje 4,90 µS/cmg, dok kod semena organskog kukuruza provodljivost iznosi 3,66 µS/cmg. Iz navedenih vrednosti može se zaključiti da ispitivano seme konvencionalnog i organskog kukuruza poseduje visoku životnu sposobnost i pogodno je za raniju setvu pri nepovoljnim uslovima sredine. Ispitivanje pojave primarnog korena korena kod konvencionalnog (84%) i organskog (85%) semena bio je visok i prilično ujednačen.</span></p>
Tijana D. Lazarević
Tanja D. Petrović
Goran N. Todorović
Mile D. Sečanski
Jelena Golijan-Pantović
Slavoljub S. Lekić
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2024 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
2024-12-11
2024-12-11
69 4
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Утицај инокулације микоризом и фосфорног ђубрива на инфективност корена кукуруза у три серије земљишта.
https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jas/article/view/38925
<p>Експеримент је спроведен у циљу испитивања утицаја инокулације микоризом и фосфорног ђубрива на инфективност корена кукуруза у три серије земљишта на Технолошком универзитету Ладоке Акинтола (ЛАУТЕЦХ), Огбомосо, Нигерија. Третмани су били; три серије земљишта (серија Гамбари, Итагунмоди и Иво), три нивоа фосфорног ђубрива (0, 30 и 60 кгП2О5/ха) и три нивоа инокулације микоризом (0, 10 и 20 г на 15 кг земљишта). Коришћени експериментални дизајн је био факторијел 3×3×3 у потпуно рандомизованом дизајну са три понављања. Инфективност корена је процењена методом пресека линија мреже. Након жетве, унос фосфора (П) је одређен концентрацијом П у биљци помноженом укупном сувом тежином. Подаци су анализирани коришћењем анализе варијансе и значајна средина третмана су упоређена са Дунцан тестом вишеструког опсега на нивоу значајности од 5%. Резултати су открили да су серије тла значајно утицале на унос П (п < 0,05). Редослед смањења уноса П у низу земљишта био је Итагунмоди (0,54 мг/кг) < Иво серија (0,90 мг/кг) < Гамбари (2,52 мг/кг). Инфективност корена значајно је повећала унос П. Највећа инфективност корена и највећи унос П је била при инокулацији од 20 г. Ниво микоризне инфекције је смањен умереном до високом стопом растворљивог фосфорног ђубрива. Дакле, повећање нивоа фосфатног ђубрива стимулише раст корена кукуруза, али у великој мери смањује ниво инфекције корена.</p>
Adebimpe Aboderin
Gbade
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2024 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
2024-12-11
2024-12-11
69 4
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UTICAJ TEMPERATURE SKLADIŠTENJA NA KVALITET I KVANTITET DNK IZOLOVANE IZ LISTA KUKURUZA
https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jas/article/view/51985
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</xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--><span lang="SR-LATN-RS" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: SR-LATN-RS; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitivanje efekta temperature skladištenja listova kukuruza i iz njih izolovane DNK na njen kvalitet i kvantitet radi efikasnog PCR umnožavanja. Listovi su uzeti sa biljaka starih četiri nedelje koji su podeljeni u tri grupe od 20 uzoraka. Prva grupa je analizirana odmah, dok su druge dve su čuvane 30 dana na </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-20°C i -80°C. DNK izolovana iz svežih listova je podeljena u tri grupe, od kojih je prva analizirana odmah, a druge dve su skladištene 30 dana na -20°C i -80°C. Kvalitet i kvantitet DNK određene su na biospektrofotometru, nakon čega su uzorci razblaženi za PCR. Kvalitet svih DNK uzoraka bila je na zadovoljavajućem nivou</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> sa prosečnim vrednostima odnosa OD<sub>260/280 </sub>od 1.85 do 1.87. Koncentracija DNK koja je izolovana odmah iz svežih listova nije se statistički razlikovala od uzoraka koji su čuvani 30 dana. I kvalitet i kvantitet DNK u svim uzorcima bili su dovoljni za uspešno PCR umnožavanje pomoću dva molekularna markera specifična za </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">opaque2</span></em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> gen. </span><span lang="SR-LATN-RS" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: SR-LATN-RS; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pomoću markera phi057 umnožen je fragment od ~170bp kod QPM i ~160bp kod linije koja nije QPM, dok je pomoću markera umc1066 dobijen fragment od ~150bp kod QPM i ~160-170bp kod ne-QPM. Rezultati su potvrdili da odgovarajući uslovi čuvanja ne utiču ni na kvalitet ni na kvantitet DNK. Ovo može biti korisno u selekciji pomoću molekularnih markera kada veliki broj uzoraka mora biti obrađen pre polinacije, što omogućuje selekcionerima da odbace biljke bez željenih alela i smanjuje obim populacije koju treba testirati. </span></p>
Marija Kostadinović
Danijela Ristić
Milica Lučev
Dragana Ignjatović Micić
Jelena Vančetović
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2024 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
2024-12-11
2024-12-11
69 4
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AEROPONSKA PROIZVODNJA MINIKRTOLA KROMPIRA: UTICAJ GENOTIPA I POREKLA SADNOG MATERIJALA
https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jas/article/view/53248
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lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Aeroponika je savremena tehnologija gajenja krompira „van zemljišta“ koja omogućava efikasnu proizvodnju visokokvalitetnih mini krtola (predosnovnog semenskog krompira). U aeroponskom sistemu, koreni i podzemna stabla (stolone) biljaka krompira rastu unutar zatvorenih boksova (modula), suspendovani u magli kapljica hranljivog rastvora koji cirkuliše kroz sistem. Kao rezultat ovakvog gajenja, značajan broj krtola većih od 1 cm <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">(mini krtole)</span> može se formirati na stolonima biljaka tokom </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">vegetacionog perioda</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">. <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Na</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: SR-LATN-RS;">ša </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: SR-LATN-RS;">s</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">tudija je imala za cilj da proceni efekat genotipa i porekla sadnog materijala na proizvodnju mini krtola u aeroponskom objektu u Guči, Srbija. <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Istraživanje </span>je obuhvatilo tri sorte krompira (</span><span lang="sr" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: #081A;">Cleopatra, Kennebec i Desiree) i dve vrste sadnog materijala (aklimatizovane mikro biljke i biljke koje potiču od </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">mini krtola</span><span lang="sr" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: #081A;"> iz prethodne sezone). Biljke su uzgajane aeroponski u sezoni 2019. (kraj maja-decembar), sa gustinom sadnje od 24 biljke </span><span lang="sr-Cyrl" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: #0C1A;">po</span> <span lang="sr" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: #081A;">m</span><sup><span lang="sr-Cyrl" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: #0C1A;">2</span></sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> i intervalima žetve od približno 14 dana. Najveći broj mini krtola po biljci (19,89) zabeležen je kod sorte </span><span lang="sr" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: #081A;">Desiree, zatim Kennebec (15,71) i Cleopatra (11,05). Prosečna masa </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">mini krtola</span><span lang="sr" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: #081A;"> svih sorti bila je značajno veća kod biljaka gajenih iz </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">mini krtola</span><span lang="sr" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: #081A;"> iz prethodne sezone u odnosu na biljke <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in vitro</em> porekla. Najveći prinos, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">10,27 kg m<sup>-2</sup>, ustanovljen je kod biljaka sorte Kennebec poreklom od mini krtola. Pored toga, biljke poreklom od mini krtola su postojano formirale krtole tokom čitavog perioda gajenja u aeroponskom sistemu. </span></p>
Jasmina Oljača
Zoran Broćić
Danijel Danijel
Jelena Rudić
Dobrivoj Poštić
Ivana Momčilović
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2024 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
2024-12-16
2024-12-16
69 4
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MOGUĆNOST PRIMENE BIOINSEKTICIDA AZADIRAHTINA I NEKIH SINTETIČKIH I POLUSINTETIČKIH INSEKTICIDA U SUZBIJANJU HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA NA PAPRICI
https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jas/article/view/48864
<p><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Tokom 2019. i 2020. godine vršeni su poljski ogledi na usevima paprike u cilju utvrđivanja efikasnosti sintetičkih insekticida (lambda-cihalotrin, flubendiamid), polusintetičkih (emamektin benzoat) i bioinsekticida (azadirahtin) u suzbijanju pamukove sovice (<em>Helicoverpa armigera</em>). Ogledi su izvedeni prema tipu potpunog slučajnog blok sistema u četiri ponavljanja po standardnoj EPPO metodi na lokalitetu Veliko Gradište (Srbija). Flubendiamid je primenjen u količini od 50 g/ha, lambda-cihalotrin u 7,5 g/ha, emamektin benzoat u 375 g/ha, a azadirahtin u količini od 0,75 g/ha. Intenzitet infestacije larvama 2. generacije pamukove sovice na paprici na ovom lokalitetu bio je veći tokom 2020. godine u odnosu na 2019. godinu. Nakon obavljena dva tretiranja za suzbijanje 2. generacije, flubendiamid je pokazao najveću efikasnost, u rasponu od 92,42% (3DPT, 2020, 95,6%) do (9DPT, 2019). Lambda-cihalotrin je imao zadovoljavajuću efikasnost u rasponu od 81,93% (9DPT, 2020) do 90,63% (3DPT, 2019), a emamektin benzoat je pokazao sličnu efikasnost od 80,72% (9DPT, 2020) do 90,63%) (3DPT, 2019). Azadirahtin bi kao biopesticid mogao da zauzme značajno mesto u integralnim programima zaštite paprike od <em>H. armigera</em>. Međutim, statistički je pokazao značajno nižu efikasnost od drugih insekticida (77,27%: 3DPT, 2020. do 86,67%: 9DPT, 2019).</span></p>
Nenad Tamaš
Marko Sretenović
Novica Miletić
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2024 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
2024-12-16
2024-12-16
69 4
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PRIMENA RAMANOVE SPEKTROSKOPIJE ZA KARAKTERIZACIJU AUTOHTONIH SORTI TREŠNJE (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) POREKLOM SA BALKANA
https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jas/article/view/51572
<p><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Procena kvaliteta voća i povrća je od ključne važnosti za njihovu dalju obradu, predviđanje roka trajanja i formiranje cene. Većina tehnika koje se primenjuju za analizu kvaliteta ovih namirnica su invazivne. Međutim, sve veće interesovanje se javlja za neinvazivnim tehnikama za ocenjivanje kvaliteta voća, koje dobijaju na značaju zbog svoje jednostavnije primene i mehanizma rada. Ova studija po prvi put demonstrira primenljivost Ramanove spektroskopije za merenje spektralnih karakteristika različitih sorti trešnje (<em>Prunus avium</em> L.) ('Đuti', 'Canetova', 'Ohridska crna' i 'Dolga šiška'). U kombinaciji sa analizom glavnih komponenti (<em>engl</em>. Principal component analysis, PCA), Ramanova spektroskopija je korišćena za procenu uzoraka nutritivno sličnog sastava, kao što su proučavane sorte trešnje. Šećeri (glukoza, saharoza i fruktoza), antocijanini, fenolne kiseline i flavonoidi, kvantifikovani poređenjem sa referentnim standardima, korišćenjem tečne hromatografije visokih performansi (HPLC), pokazali su Ramanove pikove (na 337, 399, 455, 538, 617, 1327 i 1600 cm⁻¹, redom) različitih intenziteta, što ukazuje na razlike između sorti. 'Ohridska crna', u poređenju sa drugim sortama, sadr</span><span lang="SR-LATN-RS" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: SR-LATN-RS; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ži</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> najveću količinu nutritivnih i bioaktivnih jedinjenja. Nađena je korelacija između Ramanovih pikova i rezultata sadržaja šećera i fenola dobijenih hemijskom analizom. Ostvareni rezultati su ukazali na primenljivost hemometrijskog modelovanja povezanog sa Ramanovom spektroskopijom za brzu autentifikaciju trešnje.</span></p>
Mina Volić
Nataša Obradović
Ana Milivojević
Nebojša Milošević
Ilinka Pećinar
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2024 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
2024-12-16
2024-12-16
69 4
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VREDNOST STALNIH ZASADA U BRUTO DODATOJ VREDNOSTI POLJOPRIVREDE
https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jas/article/view/52694
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="SR-LATN-RS" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: SR-LATN-RS;">Cilj istraživanja je analiza uticaja vrednosti proizvodnje stalnih zasada (voćarskog i vinogradarskog sektora) na ostvarenu bruto dodatu vrednost (skr. BDV) u poljoprivredi Srbije i EU od 2012 do 2022. Rezultati su dobijeni primenom modela višestruke regresije gde je zavisna promenljiva BDV u poljoprivredi, a nezavisne promenljive predstavljaju vrednosti proizvodnje voćarskog i vinogradarskog sektora (u mil. EUR). Pomoću t-testa testirani su koeficijenti modela, a primenom F-testa izvršena je provera postavljenog modela na nivou značajnosti od 0.05. Vrednost standardizovanog beta koeficijenta pokazala je da veći uticaj na ostvarenu BDV poljoprivrede u Srbiji i EU ima sektor voćarstva (0.532 prema 0.852), t-values za Srbiju pripadaju kritičnoj oblasti u oba sektora, dok u EU t-values za vinogradarski sektor ne pripada kritičnoj oblasti. Vrednosti F-testa pokazale su da je postavljeni model značajan na nivou značajnosti od 0.05 za oba područja posmatranja. Sprovedena je i analiza na prisustvo multikolinearnosti kod promenljivih varijabli,a rezultati su pokazali da postoji slaba multikolinearnost koja potiče od vrednosti vinogradarske proizvodnje. </span></p>
Biljana Grujić Vučkovski
Ksenija Vukićević
Dragana Stevanović
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2024 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)
2024-12-16
2024-12-16
69 4