Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)

UTICAJ VREMENSKIH USLOVA, TIPA ZEMLJIŠTA I GUSTINE SETVE NA PRODUKTIVNOST KUKURUZA

Ljubiša R. Živanović — 2024-09-25

Visoki prinosi kukuruza mogu se ostvariti samo na plodnim, rastresitim i dobro propusnim zemljištima. Takođe, dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju da noviji tipovi hibrida kukuruza povoljno reaguju na povećanje gustine useva. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se prouči uticaj meteoroloških uslova tokom vegetacionog perioda, tipa zemljišta i gustine setve na dužinu klipa, broj redova zrna na klipu, broj sterilnih biljaka, prinos zrna i sadržaj vode u zrnu hibrida kukuruza AS 6E02 (FAO 620). Ispitivanja su obavljena tokom 2017. i 2018. godine putem poljskih mikroogleda u agroekološkim uslovima Vranja metodom razdeljenih parcela (split plot) u četiri ponavljanja na zemljištima tipa gajnjača, smonica i aluvijum. Površina obračunske parcelice za prinos zrna iznosila je 8,4 m². Primenjena agrotehnika na ogledima bila je standardna, kao za redovnu proizvodnju kukuruza. Godine u kojima su obavljena istraživanja razlikovale su se u pogledu meteoroloških uslova, količine i rasporeda padavina. U proseku za tipove zemljišta i godine, najmanja dužina klipa (17,6 cm) izmerena je u najređoj setvi. Broj redova zrna nije značajno varirao u zavisnosti od gustine setve. U dvogodišnjem proseku, na prinos zrna jači uticaj je ispoljio tip zemljišta u odnosu na gustinu setve. U proseku za tipove zemljišta i godine, najmanji procenat sterilnih biljaka (1,90%) konstatovan je pri najgušćoj setvi (75.187 semena po ha). U 2018. godini izmeren je veći sadržaj vode u zrnu za 8,5 indeksnih poena u odnosu na 2017. godinu.

The Cross and Self Pollination to Evaluate the Yield Characters in F3 Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Inbred Lines

Afifuddin Latif Adiredjo — 2024-09-25

This study aims to determine the percentage of pollination of a combination of cross-pollination and self-pollination in several melon inbred lines and to determine the yield character of the combination of cross-pollination and self-pollination in F3 melon inbred lines.The study was conducted across 2021 and 2022 by using nine melon inbred lines as planting material, consisting of 4 female parents (ACL211390, ACL221402, ACL221326, and ACL231312) and 5 male parents (ACD211303, ACD211254, ACD221362, ACD231380, and ACL21402). In general, the percentage of successful pollination showed various values, and the value of 100% was not obtained from all sample plants This was because the pollination of 3 hermaphrodite flowers (female parents) on each sample plant was carried out at different times. The observations results of yield characters (fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, flesh thickness, and fruit total soluble solids) showed different values between pollination combinations in the same female parent inbred. Differences in pollen sources were responsible for differences in yield characteristics between pollinated combinations with the same female parent. The Student’s t-test between the inbreds ACL211390, ACL221402, ACL221326, and ACL231312 (female parent) showed there was no significant difference in the mean percentage of pollination success and were significant to very significant differences in several yield characters. The difference in yield characters was due to differences in the composition of genetic material between the inbreds ACL211390, ACL221402, ACL221326, and ACL231312.

Not speaker of English

Zewdu Awlachew — 2024-09-25

One important environmental component that impacts plant growth and development, from seed germination to maturity, is salinity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of inoculating salt-tolerant rhizobacteria on the morphological and physiological characteristics of faba bean under different salt concentrations in pot experimental conditions. The experiment contains six treatments with three replications in a completely randomized design, and the data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that seed germination decreased by 4.16% and 8.33% with 150mM and 300mM salinity, respectively. However, the application of Rhizobacterium GY08 significantly enhanced seed germination by 4.16% and 6.38% with 150mM and 300mM salinity, respectively, compared to the un-inoculated treatments with the same salt concentration. Plants inoculated with GY08 showed higher biomass, shoot, and root elongation than the un-inoculated plants under both non-saline and saline conditions. The findings indicated that GY08 facilitated growth and enabled faba bean seedlings to flourish under salinity stress conditions by accumulating more proline content in comparison to un-inoculated plants. Therefore, further studies on various varieties and field conditions are recommended.

ХЕМИЈСКО-ТЕХНОЛОШКИ САСТАВ СЕМЕНА ПРОЛЕЋНОГ ГРАШКА (Pisum sativum var. hortense L.)

Janko Fedor Červenski — 2024-09-25

Истраживањe јe имало за циљ утврђивањe нутритивног квалитeта: садржаја влагe пeпeла, уља, укупног азота, протeина, укупних шeћeра, скроба, цeлулозe и садржај укупно растворљивих чврстих материја (°Brix) сeмeна одабраних, (тeхнолошки) зрeлих, гeнотипова јарог грашка (осам линија и двe сортe). Такођe, испитана јe структура варијабилности анализираних карактeристика гeнотипова грашка и допринос појeдиначних карактeристика укупној варијабилности. Посeбну врeдност у сeлeкцији повртарских грашкова имаћe линијe са вeћим садржајeм протeина СК-1, СК-5 и СК-10 као и линијe са вeћим садржајeм шeћeра СК-4, СК-5 И СК-8, којe ћe бити укључeнe у стварањe сората грашка протeинског типа а слађeг укуса. Гeнотипови грашка СК-6, СК-7 и СК-8 са вeћом врeдношћу Бриxа можeмо искористити у ранијeм издвајању грашкова слађeг зрна погодних за свeжу пијацу, тј за рано пролeћну потрошњу. На основу кластeр анализe, гeнотипови грашка су груписани у чeтири појeдиначнe групe на основу варијабилности испитиваних особина. Анализом главнe компонeнтe, чeтири одвојeнe компонeнтe кумулативно су објаснилe 91,91% укупнe варијабилности.

Nutritional and anti-nutritional components of some un-conventional feeds

Mohamad Rateb Al-Masri — 2024-09-25

Nutritive value in leaves of some tree species (Melia azesarach, Pinus halepansis, Eucaliptus camaldulensis, Acacia ampliceps, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Casuarina equisetifolia, Sesbania aculeate, Schinus molle, Olea europea) and agricultural by-products was determined by estimating their chemical composition, cell wall, nitrogen solubility, and anti-nutritional components. Crude protein values ranged from 43 to 234 g/kg DM, with E. angustifolia leaves having the highest value and sunflower seed shells the lowest. The highest (P < 0.05) value of nitrogen solubility was obtained for leaves of M. azedarach (53%) and E. angustifolia (44%). Crushed date palm kernels had high (P < 0.05) contents (g/kg DM) of total carbohydrates (878), cellulose (441) and hemicellulose (280) and low contents of lignin (25), and therefore could be used as an energy-rich feed supplement for ruminants. Removal of wood from olive cake to obtain olive cake pulp increased the crude protein, total carbohydrates and cellulose and decreased the cell wall constituents. The highest values (41-84 g/kg DM) of tannins were noted in tree leaves of C. equistifolia, A. ambiceps, E. camaldulensis, S. molle, S. aculeate and P. halepansis. Crude protein, total carbohydrates, total phenols, buffer-soluble nitrogen and tannins were negatively correlated with cell wall constituents. Nitrogen solubility in leaves of the studied tree species was negatively correlated with total phenols and tannins. Leaves of the studied tree species (except of P. halepansis), olive cake pulp, olive tree pruning branches and leaves of olive oil extraction are suitable as protein feed supplements for ruminants in arid and semi-arid regions.

FIELD TEST, RESEARCH AND RESULTS OF A FLEXIBLE MACHINE WITH A ROTOR

Huseyn Qurbanov — 2024-09-25

Science-based farming systems have proven that after plowing, the soil layer contains from 100-200 million to 2-3 billion weed seeds per hectare, 70-90% of which can be destroyed by harrows before and after emergence.Pre-sowing cultivation with rotor trowels leads to the development of seeds in the soil and the creation of aeration process for the root system during the growing season, which improves plant development and productivity.

A flexible trowel with a rotor was developed in our laboratory.Constructive and technological parameters were analyzed using the experimental planning method and optimal results were obtained.The diameter of the rotor and the speed of the unit are taken as the main influencing factors.The "percentage of lumps crushing" is the output parameter, and the "soil moisture" is the input parameter.The regression equation and diagrams were obtained from the mathematical analysis.Optimally, based on 4 experiments, the unit speed V=15 km/h, cultivation depth 5...10 cm, rotor diameter D=380 mm were selected. The technological operations carried out with a flexible trowel with a rotor make 81.28 % of the lumps crushing in the soil, which has a significant effect of 95% on the development of the sown seeds.In the field test, the degree of "lumps crushing " was studied in the soil with a moisture content of 18...24%.It was found that the fraction of soil less than 10 mm is 51% of it.The size of the lumps is 10...25; Those of 25...50 and 50...100 mm make up 18, 13 and 14% of the soil, respectively.The size of lumps above 100 mm make up 4% of the soil.

Ослобађање ефикасности и потенцијала индонежанског извоза рибарства на тржиште Европске уније

Muhammad Khaliqi — 2024-09-25

The application of the Free Trade Agreement between Indonesia and the EU is expected to be a catalyst for Indonesia’s economic growth, particularly in the trade sector. However, it was recorded that in the 2020-2022 period, there were 38 notifications received by EU countries regarding Indonesian export products. The majority of notifications are related to sanitary and phytosanitary, which is a non-tariff measure in free trade. Thus, the positive trend of imports of EU fishery commodities cannot be utilized by Indonesia. Therefore, this study was designed to fill the current research gap relating to the efficiency and export potential of Indonesian fishery products in the EU market. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the flow of Indonesian fisheries trade, export efficiency, and the potential for Indonesian fisheries exports in the EU market using the stochastic frontier gravity model approach. This study used panel data on Indonesian fishery products exported to EU-27 countries in 2003-2021 (19 years). This study used HS 03, those which were products of fish and crustaceans, mollusks and other aquatic invertebrates which were traded by Indonesia to 25 EU countries. The estimation results showed that the GDP of the exporting country, the GDP of the importing country, competitiveness, and the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar had a positive effect on exports of fishery products to the EU market. Meanwhile, distance proxied using trade cost revealed a negative effect on Indonesia’s fisheries exports in the EU market. The calculation results demonstrated that Indonesia did not have an efficiency value of 100%. The biggest market potential that Indonesia could maximize in the EU market was the export of fishery products to France, Italy, Germany, Austria, and Spain.