Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade)

UTICAJ PREDSETVENIH TRETMANA VODENIM EKSTRAKTIMA ALELOPATSKIH BILJAKA NA PARAMETRE KLIJANJA STAROG SEMENA SOJE

Zlatica J Mamlić (Miladinov) — Sat, 16 Mar 2024 12:11:32 +0100

Cilj rada je bio da se ispita alelopatski uticaj ekstrakta začinskog i lekovitog bilja na kvalitet starog semena soje. Ispitivanje je obavljeno na Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, na starom semenu dve sorte soje NS Simba i NS Viseris. Seme je bilo staro 20 meseci. Radi utvrdjivanja alelopatskog uticaja seme je potapano u biljne vodene ekstrakte: geraniuma (Geranium sinense), mirodjija (Anethum graveolens), smilje (Helichrysum arenarium), majcina dusica (Thymus serpyllum), celer (Apium graveolens), origano (Origanum vulgare), bosiljak (Ocimum basilicum), maticnjak (Melissa officinalis), ruzmarin (Rosmarinus officinalis), pelin (Artemisia absinthium), nana (Mentha x piperita), zalfija (Salvia officinalis), lavanda (Lavandula angustifolia). Rezultati su pokazali da ne može govoriti o univerzalnoj primeni određenog ekstrakta, jer na efekat alolohemikalija značajan uticaj ima sorta. Kod sorte NS Viseris svi ekstrakti, osim Melise, su značajno smanjili GE, GP i VI. Najnegativniji efekat ostvaren je primenom Apium graveolens, Thymus serpyllum i Ocimum basilicum. Apium graveolens i Thymus serpyllum su najviše uticali na smanjenje kvaliteta i kod sorte NS Simba. Međutim, kod sorte NS Simba, pored smanjenja ostvareno je i značajno povećanje kvaliteta semena. Primenom ekstrakta Salvia officinalis GE i GP su povećani za 13.7%, a VI za je povećana za 13,7%, VI za 10.21%. Dobar efekat je ostvaren i upotrebom Melissa officinalis. Svi ekstrakti, kod obe sorte, imali su znacajan uticaj na brzinu klijanja, čak i ekstrakati koji su negativno delovali na GE i GP.

Ključne reči: alelopatija, vodeni ekstrakti, potapanje, soja

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PROVITAMIN A MAIZE (Zea mays L.) HYBRIDS FOR YIELD AND OTHER AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA

ADEWOLE AKINTUNDE — Wed, 20 Mar 2024 13:55:45 +0100

Maize is a major crop and staple food cultivated and consumed famers in Nigeria. The main nutritional components of maize kernel are carbohydrate, protein, fat, and several micronutrients, all of which are essential for human health. However, typical maize endosperm lacks sufficient amount of the nutritional precursor of vitamin to provide the body's needed daily intake of protein and vital micronutrients. To attain food security and prevent malnutrition, it is necessary to cultivate stable, high-yielding pro-vitamin A maize hybrids that are appealing to rural people who suffer the most from 'hidden hunger.' The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and yield of newly produced maize hybrids over a two-year period at two different sites. Twenty-two improved maize hybrids, two commercial hybrids, and a local check were assessed over two years in Ikorodu and Osogbo, Nigeria. Grain yields of hybrids varied from 3.33 t/ha (Ife-hybrid 3) to 5.69 t/ha (LY1409-61) across the years, with a mean of 4.03 t/ha. With the exception of Ife hybrid 3 (3.33 t/ha), all of the hybrids out-yielded the local check (3.92 t/ha), and four hybrids achieved grain yields of more over 5 t/ha across the two years. The distribution of precipitation in the two years in which the hybrids were examined (2019 and 2020) changed substantially. Because to the larger amount and distribution of precipitation in 2019, grain yields were much higher than in 2020, particularly throughout the flowering and grain filling stages of the maize life cycle, notably from July to October. The consistent performance of LY1409-61, AS1802-15, and LY1409-21 across years of assessment with varying weather circumstances suggests that the hybrids have the capacity to adapt to agro-ecology. The adoption of these maize hybrids by farmers would increase maize output and prevent malnutrition in rural parts of South-west Nigeria.

UTICAJI GLISTENJAKA NA RAST I PRINOS ALJME (ALLIUM FISTULOSUM L.)

Hai Thi Thuy Luu, Linh Truc Le, Iain D. Green — Wed, 20 Mar 2024 13:56:47 +0100

Spring onions (Allium fistulosum L.) are a popular salad vegetable produced widely over the world, including in Vietnam. Thanks to their flavor and aroma, they are an indispensable ingredient used to flavor soup and other dishes. Vermicompost is a natural and environmentally friendly fertilizer used widely to increase crop production and maintain the sustainability of agrosystems. Consequently, this present study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of vermicompost at different application rates in promoting the growth and yield parameters of spring onions. The results showed that adding vermicompost to spring onion production had significant positive effects on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, individual weight, and plot yield. Particularly, the application of vermicompost at 40 t ha^-1 showed the highest performance in observed parameters, increasing the number of leaves, number of tillers, individual plant weight, and plot yields to 64.78, 21.18, 302.96 g plant^-1, and 4.86 kg m^-2, respectively. Plot yield in the treatments of the highest and lowest vermicompost application increased by 49.1% and 3.9%, respectively, in comparison to the control. Consequently, a strongly positive relationship between the application rate of vermicompost and the plot yield was shown.

UTICAJ ĐUBRENJA AZOTOM NA SADRŽAJ ALKALOIDA I OSOBINE RASTA DATURA STRAMONIUM L.

Suleyman KIZIL, Ozlem TONCER, Tahsin SOGUT — Thu, 21 Mar 2024 12:02:42 +0100

D. stramonium je samonikla biljna vrsta koja pripada porodici Solanaceae i raste na ivicama pamučnih polja, praznih površina i pored puteva. Biljka je najvažnija lekovita biljka koja ima i toksična i lekovita svojstva. Sadrži niz toksičnih alkaloida tropana kao što su atropin, hioskamin i skopolamin. Poznato je da tehnike uzgoja imaju veliki uticaj na kvalitet i kvantitet sekundarnih metabolita. Iz tog razloga je važno odrediti optimalne vrednosti agronomskih faktora koji utiču na rast i proizvodnju biljaka. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno u eksperimentalnoj oblasti Poljoprivrednog fakulteta Univerziteta Dicle 2010-2011. godine. Cilj ove studije je bio da se proceni uticaj azotnih đubriva (0, 50, 100 i 200 kg ha-1) na neke agronomske karakteristike kao npr. prinos svežeg i lekovitog bilja i ukupan sadržaj alkaloida u daturi (Datura stramonium L.). Uočene su značajne razlike između doza azota prema dvogodišnjem proseku u prinosu semena, prinosu svežeg i suvog bilja i ukupnom prinosu alkaloida semena. Prinos semena je promenjen između 545 kg ha-1 i 625 kg ha-1, prinos svežeg bilja između 8000 i 24483 kg ha-1, prinos suvog bilja između 2190 kg ha-1 i 5083 kg ha-1 i sadržaj alkaloida između 0,259% i 0,366%, respektivno. Rezultati su pokazali da se sa povećanjem doze azota povećavaju prinosi svežeg i suvog bilja.

OCENA PRIMENE ANAEROBNO DIGESTOVANE KANALIZACIJE NA GRANICE KONZISTENTNOSTI I KARAKTERISTIKE KOMPAKCIJE RAZLIČITIH TEKSTURA TLA

Ekrem Lutfi AKSAKAL, Armagan CAMBAZTEPE, Ilker ANGIN, Serdar SARI — Thu, 21 Mar 2024 12:11:39 +0100

Notwithstanding its beneficial characteristics, agricultural utilization of organic wastes may have an adverse effect on soil properties if used improperly. To evaluate proper use, a laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effects of different sewage sludge application doses (0, 2, 4, and 8% weight/weight) on consistency limits and the compaction characteristics of three different textured soils. Application of sewage sludge significantly improved the consistency limits and reduced compactibility. The efficacy was depended on the amount applied. The rates of increase in liquid limit (LL) values at 8% sewage sludge were found as 58.7% for sandy loam, 43.4% for loam, and 16.2% for clay soil. As the application dose increased, the optimum moisture content (OMC) values increased and the maximum dry bulk density (MBD) values decreased. The highest application dose decreased the MBD by 9.5% in sandy loam, 6.5% in loam, and 13.7% in clay-textured soils. The rates of increase in OMC values were found as 73.4%, 53.8%, and 27.1%, for sandy loam, loam, and clay, respectively. Increasing the water content at OMC over LL and PL have demonstrated that soils can be tilled more easily in higher moisture contents without any degradation if properly mixed with sewage sludge.

The UČINCI COVID-19 NA STATUS SIGURNOSTI HRANE U KUĆANSTVIMA RURALNOG POLJOPRIVREDE. DOKAZI IZ NIGERIJE

Thu, 21 Mar 2024 12:13:48 +0100

Posljednjih nekoliko decenija nesigurnost hrane glavni je globalni fenomen koji nulu gladi čini drugim ciljem održivog razvoja. Uprkos tome, COVID-19 je započeo i predstavljao ozbiljnu prijetnju prehrambenom sistemu. Stoga se javlja potreba za procjenom njegovog učinka na sigurnost hrane. Stoga je ovo istraživanje ispitivalo učinke COVID-19 na sigurnost hrane u ruralnim poljoprivrednim domaćinstvima u državi Enugu, Nigerija. Podaci prikupljeni od 120 domaćinstava analizirani su pomoću indeksa sigurnosti hrane, logističke regresije i Likertove skale. Rezultati su otkrili da je većina (64,5%) domaćinstava bila nesigurna u hrani s indeksom manjka od 0,313, dok je samo 35,5% bilo osigurano hranom s indeksom suficita od 0,109. Prosječna dnevna potrošnja ekvivalentnih kalorija za odrasla u domaćinstvima koja nisu sigurna u hranu, a domaćinstva u kojima je hrana osigurana, bila je 1552,52, odnosno 2506,88 kcal. Niska dostupnost hrane (p <0,01), rast cijene hrane (p <0,01) i nemogućnost žetve usjeva (p <0,1) povećali su vjerovatnoću nesigurnosti hrane. Dakle, pandemija COVID-19 zbog nametnute blokade narušila je sigurnost hrane u domaćinstvu. Dok su pristup kreditima (p <0,01), obrazovanju (p <0,1), članstvu u zadrugama (p <0,01) i prihodu (p <0,05) pozitivno utjecali na status sigurnosti hrane. Smanjivanje racionalne potrošnje, jedenje jeftinije hrane, preskakanje obroka, posuđivanje novca za kupovinu hrane, omogućavanje djeci da prvo jedu i sudjelovanje u dodatnim aktivnostima male produktivnosti bile su glavne strategije suočavanja sa nesigurnošću hrane koje su domaćinstva usvojila tijekom COVID-19. Studija preporučuje pružanje poljoprivrednih inputa i finansijsku podršku od strane vlada i nevladinih organizacija poljoprivrednicima kako bi umanjili negativne efekte COVID-19 na sigurnost hrane.

VARIJABILNOST AGRONOMSKIH SVOJSTAVA KOD GENOTIPOVA POVRTARSKOG GRAŠKA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)

Srđan Zec — Sat, 16 Mar 2024 12:28:06 +0100

U toku ovog istraživanja izvršena je fenotipska karakterizacija 12 genotipova povrtarskog graška, različite dužine vegetacije, koji pripadaju kolekciji Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Biljni materijal obuhvatao je 10 perspektivnih selekcionih linija i dve priznate sorte Tamiš i Dunav. Ogled je izveden tokom 2022. godine, postavljen je po slučajnom blok sistemu, u pet ponavljanja na lokalitetu Rimski Šančevi. Analizirano je 14 agronomskih osobina. Dobijeni rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na postojanje divergentnosti u ispitivanom biljnom materijalu. Analizom varijanse ispitivanih agronomskih osobina je utvrđena statistička značajnost svih izvora varijacije. Kao najvarijabilnija osobina istakla se visina prvog rodnog nodusa sa koeficijentom varijacije od 40,54%. Ispitivani genotipovi su primenom klaster analize grupisani u dve grupe sa dve podgrupe u okviru druge grupe. Korelacionom analizom ispitivanih kvantitativnih svojstava utvrđeno je postojanje nekoliko statistički značajnih pozitivnih i negativnih međuzavisnoti. Neke od najznačajnijih pozitivnih korelacija utvrđene su između osobina masa zrna po biljci i broj zrna po biljci i prinosa tehnološki zrelog zrna, dok svojstva širina mahune i suma rodnih nodusa po biljci imaju najviše negativnih korelacija sa ostalim ispitivanim osobinama.

АЖУРИРАЊЕ СТАТУСА ТРШЊЕ У БУГАРСКОЈ ВИРУС ХЛОРОТИЧНЕ ЛИСТНЕ ПЕГА ЈАБУКЕ (ACLSV)

Aneliya Borisova — Thu, 21 Mar 2024 12:22:50 +0100

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is one of the most important stone fruit species in Bulgaria. Cherry is susceptible to many viruses to gather better insight into the phyto-virologic status of sweet cherry, outside the Ilarviruses, a survey was carried out for the presence of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), cherry leafroll virus (CLRVR), and raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV) in 32 commercial and 6 collection orchards in ten regions in Bulgaria, between 2017–2022. In total 1503 sweet cherry samples were collected from symptomatic trees as well as from symptomless ones. These samples were tested by Cocktail ELISA for ACLSV and DAS-ELISA for CLRVR, RpRSV аnd additionally for prune dwarf virus (PDV) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) in order to establish mixed infections. From all three assessed viruses (ACLSV, CLRSV, and RpRSV) only ACLSV was detected in commercial and collection sweet cherry orchards in all regions with intensive cherry cultivation in Bulgaria. The level of ACLSV virus infection was 8.8%. The most frequent was single ACLSV infection representing 79.6% of infected sweet cherry trees, followed by ACLSV and PDV (14.4%) and the lowest one was ACLSV and PNRSV (6.0%). The presence of ACLSV in orchards of different ages, including ‘young’ ones, indicated the need to use virus-free propagating material when establishing new fruit orchards to prevent the spread of pathogens with planting material.