Journal of Medical Biochemistry

Estradiol and testosterone associated with risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis

Yanqing Liu — 2024-08-06

Background: To investigate the correlation between estradiol and testosterone in patients with breast cancer.

Methods: The literatures on the correlation between estradiol and testosterone on the risk of breast cancer were searched and collected. The time limit is that each database is established until December 2023. After screening, the modified Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of the research literature. NoteExpress 3.2 was used for literature management, and Excel 2003 was used for data collection and extraction. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software to determine whether there was heterogeneity in the study according to the size of Q test (P-value), and then the OR value of combined effects was calculated using fixed or random effects models and forest maps were drawn. At the same time, the literatures with the greatest weight were excluded for sensitivity analysis, and the literature bias was evaluated by drawing funnel plot.

Results: A total of 628 literatures were retrieved, and 11 case-control trials met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analysis results showed that the level of E2 in breast cancer patients was higher than that in non-breast cancer control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (OR=121.56, 95%CI (-3.32-264.44), P=0.06). The level of E2 in premenopausal patients with breast cancer was higher than that in non-breast cancer control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (OR=8.26, 95%CI (-2.83-19.34), P=0.14). The level of E2 in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer was higher than that in non-breast cancer control group, and the difference was statistically significant (OR=20.36, 95%CI (7.04-33.68), P=0.003). Preoperative T level was higher in patients with breast cancer than in non-breast cancer control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (OR=14.77, 95%CI (-14.11-43.65), P=0.32). The T level before and after surgery in breast cancer patients was higher than that in non-breast cancer control group, and the difference was statistically significant (OR=12.91, 95%CI (4.43-21.39), P=0.003). Sensitivity analysis showed that the combined effect size results were stable and reliable OR (95%CI) was 24.41 (10.21~38.61), P=0.0007. Funnel plot results showed publication bias.

Conclusion There is a positive correlation between the levels of estradiol and testosterone and the occurrence and development of breast cancer after menopause.

. Clinical Significance of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Related Cell Moleculesin early Elderly Diabetic Kidney Disease

Yan Shang — 2024-05-18

Backgrounds：It aims to investigate the expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome and its related cell molecules in early diabetes kidney disease (EDKD) in the elderly and its clinical application value.

Methods: From October 2021 to April 2023, 50 elderly patients with T2DM (T2DM group), 50 elderly patients with EDKD (EDKD group) and 50 elderly people who passed the health check-up (healthy group) are chosenas the study subjects. Plasma NLRP3 inflammasome and related cells (blood leukocyte count, monocyte count, lymphocyte count) molecular (NT-proBNP and others) levels are tested, and Pearson correlation analysis is utilized to explore the correlation among plasma NLRP3 inflammasome and related cells, molecules and renal function indicators (UACR, BUN, Ucr) in elderly patients with EDKD.

Results: (1) The three groups’ comparison in HbA1c, FIns, HOMA-IR, UACR, BUN, Ucr, SOD, MCP-1 and TNF-α level were with P<0.05.The levels of TG and LDL-C in the EDKD group were bigger than those in the T2DM and the healthy groups;The levels of FPG, HbA1c, FINs, HOMA-IR, UACR, SOD, MCP-1, TNF-α in the EDKD and T2DM groups werebigger than those in the healthy group, while SOD wassmaller than that in the healthy group; The levels of BUN, Ucr, hs-CRP, FPG, HbA1c, FINs, HOMA-IR, UACR, SOD, MCP-1, TNF-α in the EDKD group werebigger than those in the T2DM group, while SOD was smallerthan that in the T2DM group;The aboveresults were with P<0.05. (2)It has P<0.05 in Monocyte count, NLRP3, NT-proBNP, caspase-1, ASC and othersin the three groups.The levels of thosein the EDKD and T2DM groups were bigger than the healthy group. The levels of these indicators in the EDKD group were bigger than those in the T2DM group, and with P<0.05.These indicators in EDKD group were positively correlated with UACR, BUN, and Ucr, respectively, and with P<0.05.

Conclusion: NLRP3 inflammasome and its related molecules caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, IL-18 level and Monocyte count raised in early senile EDKD, and were significantly correlated with the severity of EDKD.

Insulin Resistance Unraveled: Hormonal Correlations in Gestational Diabetes

Siyu Chen — 2024-06-28

Background: To investigate the correlation between the variations of cortisol and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels with insulin resistance and glucolipid metabolism in gestational glucose diabetics.

Methods: The study included 110 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus in the GDM group,and 130 healthy pregnant women in the control group. Data collection,examination of relevant indexes,and comparison of differences in indexes between groups were conducted. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to identify risk variables associated with GDM development,while binary logistic regression was employed to determine risk factors for GDM development.

Results: The GDM group showed significantly greater levels of FPG,HbA1c,FINS,TG,FFA,Lp-PLA2,HOMA-IR,Cortisol,and IGF-1 compared to the control group (P<0.05),but considerably lower levels of SHBG,and HOMA-β. HOMA-IR was found to be positively correlated with FPG,HbA1c,FINS,TG,FFA,Lp-PLA2,Cortisol and IGF-1,whereas,negatively correlated with SHBG. FINS and SHBG were found to be independent protective factors for GDM (OR=0.463,0.801,P<0.05),whereas,HbA1c,TG,FFA,and gestational BMI were found to be independent risk factors for GDM (OR=1.992,4.234,1.990,1.629,P<0.05).

Conclusion: SHBG,IGF-1,and Cortisol are all linked to glucose-lipid metabolism indices,and aberrant serum hormone expression is a major contributor to insulin resistance.

Observation of the clinical characteristics of chronic diarrhea in children and evaluation of the prognostic value of nutritional and immune indicators

JianYun Hao — 2024-06-16

Objective: This research targeted to assess the clinical characteristics of chronic diarrhea in children, and explore the prognostic value of nutritional status and immune indicators.

Methods: A total of 190 patients with chronic diarrhea from January 2017 to June 2020 were enrolled to analyze their epidemiology. The patients were divided into a better prognosis group (cured, improved) and a poor prognosis group (uncured), followed by determining the diagnostic efficacy of nutritional status and immune indicators in the prognosis of children with chronic diarrhea.

Results: Most of the patients were 0-3 years old (74.2%), of which 54.3% were less than 1 year old, and the highest proportion (48.95%) had diarrhea with a course of 1 to 2 months. The levels of albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgM, as well as albumin, globulin and the ratio of albumin to globulin in the better prognosis group were higher than those in the poor prognosis group. The AUC (area under the curve) of the combined detection in evaluating the prognosis of children with chronic diarrhea was greater than that of the albumin and globulin alone (P < 0.05). IgG ≥ 10.05g/L and IgA ≥ 7.72g/L were protective factors affecting the prognosis of children with chronic diarrhea.

Conclusion: Children with chronic diarrhea are mainly infants and young children with various clinical symptoms, and are prone to comorbidities such as malnutrition, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and impaired immune function. The combined detection of nutritional status and immune indicators in children is of value in evaluating the prognosis of children.

Evaluation of 99Tcm-DTPA orbit SPECT/CT combined with thyroid function test in the treatment of radioactive iodine I-131 in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy-hyperthyroidism

Li Su — 2024-06-24

Objective: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune response to inflammation of the thyroid and orbital tissue. This research evaluated the efficacy of 99Tcm-DTPA orbital SPECT/CT combined with thyroid function test in radioactive iodine I-131 (RAI) treatment of TAO-hyperthyroidism.

Methods: We retrospectively studied clinical activity score (CAS), blood thyrotropine (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thickness of extra-ocular muscle (EOM), and uptake rate (UR) of 99Tcm-DTPA orbital SPECT/CT of 43 patients after 6 months of treatment with 20 mCi RAI. Parameters were compared before and after RAI in patients assessed as effectively treated (normal thyroid function or hypothyroidism), and correlations between blood FSH, FT3, FT4, thickness of EOM, and UR were analyzed after treatment.

Results: After RAI, 35 cases (77 eyes, 81.4%) had normal or hypothyroidism and 8 cases (16 eyes, 12.0%) had hyperthyroidism. Compared with the patients who failed treatment, effectively treated patients had lower CAS, FT3, FT4, and UR and higher blood TSH. In patients with effective treatment, UR of the inferior rectus muscle was positively correlated with FT3 and FT4. Adverse RAI outcomes were associated with smoking and higher iodine-thyroid iodine uptake before treatment.

Conclusions: Combined with TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels, the reduction of 99Tcm-DTPA orbital SPECT/CT UR also indicates an improvement in the disease course of patients. The UR of inferior rectus muscle can be an objective index to evaluate the curative effect of TAO patients.

The changes in CD4+CD25high T cells and TGFβ1 levels in different stages of adult-onset Type 1 diabetes

Tanja Miličić — 2024-07-04

Background. Previous studies suggested important role of impairments in T cells subsets in different stages during type 1 diabetes (T1D) development, while data regarding CD25^high T cells and transforming growth factor β1-TGFβ1, both T regulatory associated, still remains controversial. We analysed the level of (a) CD25^high T cells (b) TGFβ1 in 17 first-degree relatives of patients with T1D in stage 1 (FDRs1) (GADA⁺, IA-2⁺); 34 FDRs in stage 0 (FDRs0) (GADA^-, IA-2^-); 24 recent-onset T1D in insulin requiring state (IRS); 10 patients in clinical remission (CR); 18 healthy, unrelated controls (CTR). Methods. T cell subsets were characterized by two-color immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, TGFβ1 was determined by ELISA, GADA, and IA-2 by RIA. Results. The level of CD25^highT cells in FDRs1 was lower than controls, FDRs0, IRS, and CR (p<0.001). Additionally, the cut-off point for CD25^high = 1.19%, with a probability of 0.667, for having a higher risk for T1D. TGFβ1 level in FDRs1, FDRs0, IRS, and CR, was lower than controls (p<0.001). IRS has a higher TGFβ1 level than CR (p<0.001). Conclusions. Stage 1, a higher risk for T1D, is characterized by decreases in CD25^high T cells and TGFβ1, partially reflecting impaired T regulatory response, implying that changes of this T cells subset might be a risk marker for T1D. FDRs irrespective of risk for T1D and T1D patients irrespective of state, had depletion of TGFβ1, suggesting the association of TGFβ1 with familiar risk and manifestation of T1D. Furthermore, clinical course of overt T1D might be modulated on TGFβ1 level.

Correlation of HCT-ALB, SmtO2, CRT and Lac with renal impairment and prognosis in patients with septic shock

Peipei Liang — 2024-07-09

Background: This study investigates the correlation between the difference in hematocrit (HCT) and serum albumin (ALB) levels (HCT-ALB), muscle tissue oxygen saturation (SmtO2), capillary refill time (CRT), and blood lactate (Lac) with the severity of renal function damage and prognosis in patients with septic shock.

Methods: Conducted from February 2022 to February 2024, this study included 116 septic shock patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Patients were divided into groups based on whether they developed acute kidney injury: 40 patients were included in the acute kidney injury group, and the remaining 76 were placed in the non-kidney injury group. The levels of HCT-ALB, SmtO2, CRT, and Lac were compared between the groups. Patients were followed up to assess their 28-day survival outcomes; 75 surviving patients were placed in the survival group, and 41 deceased patients in the death group. Differences in clinical data and levels of HCT-ALB, SmtO2, CRT, and Lac between the two groups were analyzed to explore the relationship of these indicators with patient prognosis.

Results: Levels of HCT-ALB, CRT, and Lac were higher, while SmtO2 was lower in the acute kidney injury group compared to the non-kidney injury group (P<0.05). Similarly, the death group exhibited higher levels of HCT-ALB, CRT, and Lac and lower SmtO2 levels compared to the survival group (P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that HCT-ALB, SmtO2, CRT, and Lac significantly impact patient survival outcomes, demonstrating high predictive value for patient mortality with respective AUC values of 0.834, 0.782, 0.903, and 0.918. The combined application of these indicators for predicting patient mortality had an AUC value of 0.985, which is higher than when the indicators were used individually.

Conclusion: HCT-ALB, SmtO2, CRT, and Lac are significantly elevated in patients with acute kidney injury and deceased patients, closely correlating with the severity and prognosis of septic shock. These indicators can serve as important biomarkers for assessing the condition and prognosis of these patients.

Association between genetic variants in hsa-miR-27a and hsa-miR-146a gene and male infertility

Zorana Dobrijević — 2024-07-19

Background: miRNAs have enormous potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets in male infertility and diseases of the reproductive system. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the two functional genetic variants in the hsa-miR-27a (rs2910164) and hsa-miR-146a gene (rs895819) and male infertility in North Macedonian population, as well as to test their association with the values of major seminal parameters.

Methods: The case group included in this study comprised 158 men initially diagnosed with idiopathic male infertility. The control group included 126 age-matched healthy male volunteers who fathered at least one child.

Results: We report for the first time the association of rs2910164 minor allele C with the increased susceptibility to asthenoteratozoospermia. Additionally, our results indicating the association of allele C with low sperm vitality are a novel finding. We did not demonstrate the association between genetic variant rs895819 and the risk of different types of male infertility. Still, the number of participants with CC genotype in subjects diagnosed with asthenoteratozoospermia was null, while in controls it reached 7.2%. We further detected the rs895819 genotype-dependent difference in rapid progressive sperm motility.

Conclusions: The association of rs2910164 and rs895819 with idiopathic male infertility in general is unlikely. However, both of these variants show association with certain types of male infertility and with sperm abnormalities, which need to be confirmed in later studies in different ethnic groups.

Changes of β2-microglobulin and electrolytes in different stages of COPD and their value in evaluating prognosis

Lin Wang — 2024-08-03

Background: To investigate the changes of β2-microglobulin and electrolyte in different stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the value of evaluating prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken on 120 patients diagnosed with COPD and treated at our hospital between February 1, 2020, and January 31, 2023. These patients were classified into three groups based on the GOLD classification: mild (FEV1 > 81%), moderate (51% < FEV1 ≤ 80%), and severe (FEV1 ≤ 50%). As a control group, 40 healthy individuals who had routine examinations during the same period were selected. The COPD patients were then followed up and divided into a good prognosis group (n = 67) and a poor prognosis group (n = 53). The levels of β 2-microglobulin and electrolytes were measured in patients with different stages of the disease and different prognoses. Kendall's tau-b and ordered logistic regression were employed to analyze how the changes in β 2-microglobulin and electrolyte levels correlated with disease severity. Furthermore, the prognostic value of β 2-microglobulin and electrolyte levels in COPD was assessed using an ROC curve.

Results: In comparison to the control group, the severity of COPD patients displayed a notable increase in β 2-microglobulin levels, while there was a significant decrease in levels of calcium, chlorine, potassium, and sodium. Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient analysis indicated a positive correlation between COPD severity and β 2-microglobulin, and a negative correlation between COPD severity and levels of calcium, chlorine, potassium, and sodium. Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a positive correlation between disease severity and β 2-microglobulin, and a negative correlation between disease severity and levels of calcium, chlorine, potassium, and sodium. Furthermore, the poor prognosis group exhibited a significant increase in β 2-microglobulin levels, alongside a significant decrease in levels of calcium, chlorine, potassium, and sodium compared to the good prognosis group (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that a combined detection of β 2-microglobulin, calcium, chlorine, potassium, and sodium yielded significantly higher area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity values compared to single detection methods, highlighting its significant predictive value for COPD prognosis.

Conclusion: Patients who presented with a more severe form of the disease exhibited elevated levels of β 2-microglobulin and reduced electrolyte levels. Prognostic accuracy was significantly enhanced when β 2-microglobulin and electrolyte levels were analyzed together, offering a superior method for predicting patient outcomes.

Validation of low-volume blood collection tubes for routine hematologic testing

Giuseppe Lippi — 2024-08-15

Background: Low-volume blood tubes offer several advantages in facilitating blood collection, reducing iatrogenic anemia and spurious hemolysis, but their clinical reliability must be validated. We planned this investigation for establishing the reliability of routine hematologic testing in low-volume tubes before their implementation into clinical practice.

Methods: Blood was drawn from 44 ostensibly healthy laboratory professionals into three blood tubes, as follows: 3.0 mL of blood into a 3.0 mL K₂EDTA standard blood tube, 0.5 mL of blood into a second 3.0 mL K₂EDTA standard blood tube, and 0.5 mL of blood into a 0.25-0.5 mL K₂EDTA low-volume blood tube. Hematologic testing was performed on Sysmex XN-10 hematology analyzer.

Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in total white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, red blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean platelet volume in both 0.5 mL-filled 3.0 mL standard blood tubes as well as in the 0.5 mL-filled low-volume blood tubes. Although none of these variations was found to be clinically significant in the 0.5 mL-filled low-volume blood tube compared to the desirable specifications, hematocrit, MCV and MCHC displayed a clinically significant bias in the 0.5 mL- filled 3.0 mL K₂EDTA standard blood tube.

Conclusions: These results suggests that K₂EDTA low-volume blood tubes could safely replace standard blood tubes for preventing the receipt of insufficient samples, but also for facilitating blood collection in patients with difficult veins and reducing the risk of iatrogenic anemia and spurious hemolysis.

Function evaluation of the autoanalyser internal quality control of the Kehua Polaris c2000 automatic biochemical analyser

Yiyi Wang — 2024-06-16

Objective: The present study aims to (1) evaluate the autoanalyser quality control (QC) module of the Kehua Polaris c2000 automatic modularised biochemical analyser and (2) verify the impact of the analyser’s automatic implementation of internal QC (IQC) testing at a set time point on the results of IQC and turnaround time (TAT). Methods: For 5 consecutive days, three different methods were used to conduct IQC. Method 1: Internal QC was carried out at 8:00 every day. Method 2: The QC products were placed in the instrument calibration QC plate in the afternoon, and the instrument was set to automatically measure the products at 7:00 the next day. Method 3: The QC products were placed in the instrument calibration QC plate, and the instrument was set up for automatic measurement at 7:30 every day. All three methods were compared and evaluated. The effect of IQC on the TAT was monitored using method 2. Results: There were no statistical differences in the IQC results between methods 2 and 1. However, there were statistical differences in some items between the results of methods 3 and 1; thus, the IQC results of method 2 can be adopted. The implementation of method 2 for IQC can help achieve a significant TAT-saving of 35.23 min during the automatic retest process after the IQC indicates an out-of-control situation. This time reduction is highly valuable for improving efficiency and streamlining the testing workflow. Conclusion: Using the autoanalyser QC module of the Kehua Polaris c2000 automatic modular biochemical analysis system to perform IQC has no impact on the IQC test results and can save TAT, as well as automatically correct most out-of-control occurrences.

Erratum

Merve Kilic — 2024-11-12

n/a

- Effects of Individualized Comprehensive Nutritional Support on Inflammatory Markers, serum amylase (AMS), prealbumin (PA), albumin (ALB), calcium ion (Ca2+) in Patients with Severe Pancreatitis

Wei Meng — 2024-06-09

Objective: To study the effectiveness of individualized comprehensive nutritional support on inflammatory markers, serum amylase (AMS), prealbumin (PA), albumin (ALB), calcium ion (Ca2+) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods: 102 participants with SAP treated in our hospital were chosen as the study objects. The participants were randomly split into control group and observation group, and both groups were given routine treatment. Observation group received individualized comprehensive nutrition support additionally. The inflammatory indexes, biochemical indexes and symptom improvement time were observed and analyzed on the day of admission, intervention 1d, intervention 3d, intervention 7d and intervention 14d. Results: Among the 102 patients included in this study, 3 cases had sudden exacerbation during the intervention, 1 case had clinical data missing >10%, and 1 case voluntarily withdrew due to personal factors, all of which were eliminated. Finally, the effective data of 97 patients were recovered. There were significant differences in the hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin1β (IL-1β) between the two groups. The inter-group, time and interaction differences of AMS, PA, ALB and Ca2+ levels were significant different. The recovery time of abdominal pain, bowel sound, blood amylase level and urine amylase level in observation group was inferior to control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Individualized comprehensive nutritional support is more conducive to the improvement of inflammatory indexes in SAP patients, and can accelerate the symptom relief and promote the recovery of nutritional status.

- The Correlation Between Insulin Resistance and Blood Lipids in Children

Xu Xu xu — 2024-06-17

Abstract: Introduction: this work focused on correlation between insulin resistance (IR) and blood lipids (BL) in children with simple obesity as well as the intervention effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in weight loss of children. Material and Method: 80 children aged 6 to 17 years with simple obesity were selected from our hospital and randomly grouped into two. Children in control (Ctrl) group underwent traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), while those in the other group received HIIT (HIIT group). After four weeks, body composition-related indicators, BL levels, and IR were measured. Results: after exercise, children in both groups possessed obvious reductions in body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), triglyceride (TG), and homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), demonstrating remarkable differences in contrast to those after intervention (P<0.05). The HIIT group also exhibited considerable differences in waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P<0.05). After exercise, the HIIT group demonstrated more observable reductions in BMI, WC, TG, and HOMA-IR, showing great differences with Ctrl group (P<0.05). HOMA-IR exhibited positive correlations with TC, TG, and HDL-C but a negative one with LDL-C (P<0.05). Conclusion: HIIT improved the body composition and BL levels in children with simple obesity, downregulated HOMA-IR, and positively impacted their health status. Furthermore, IR was associated with BL-relevant indicators in children with simple obesity.

- Prediction of Serum Neuritin and Neuron-specific Enolase for Prognosis in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury combined with Spinal Cord Injury

Bingbing Pu — 2024-06-17

Abstract: Serum neuritin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) have predictive value for the prognosis of patients with combined traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Studying their predictive effects has positive value for disease control and treatment. Sixty patients with combined TBI and SCI were recruited and rolled into three groups according to prognosis: Group I (n=42, favorable prognosis), Group II (n=11, poor prognosis), and Group III (n=7, death). Clinical indicators were compared between the groups, and the predictive value of different indicators for prognosis was analyzed. NSE and serum neuritin levels were considerably higher in Groups II and III than in Group I (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypotension, NSE, serum neuritin, S100β, and combined injuries to other organs were associated with poor prognosis in patients with combined TBI and SCI. The combination of NSE and neuritin had considerably higher sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), and accuracy (Acc) in predicting prognosis (P<0.05). Serum neuritin and NSE have favorable predictive value for the prognosis of patients with combined TBI and SCI. They can be actively promoted in clinical practice

- Correlation between dental fluorosis risk and bone specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, matrix metalloproteinase and parathyroid hormone in children

Yufeng Wang — 2024-06-24

Objective Investigating the association between dental fluorosis occurrence in children and bone metabolism-related indicators including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-20), and parathyroid hormone (PTH).Methods A total of 189 cases of school-age children underwent health examinations in our hospital were enrolled, according to the presence or absence of dental fluorosis, they were divided into fluorosis group (n=97) and fluoride-free group (n=92), and the serum BALP, OC, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-20, and PTH levels of the two groups were compared, relevant clinical data were collected.In this study, multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the factors associated with the development of dental fluorosis in children. Results The urine fluoride levels, BALP, MMP-2, and MMP-9 of the children influorosis group were higher thanfluoride-free group, and the mother's educational level, per capita annual household income, OC, and PTH were lower thanfluoride-free group (P<0.05).Based on Spearman correlation analysis, a positive correlation was identified between the urinary fluoride level, the extent of dental fluorosis, and indicators such as BALP, MMP-2, and MMP-9. (r=0.618, 0.558, 0.567, 0.597, 0.602, 0.571, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with OC and PTH (r=-0.580, -0.603, -0.549, -0.515, P<0.001).As the urinary fluoride level and the extent of dental fluorosis increased, there was a gradual elevation in serum BALP, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels in children, while OC and PTH levels gradually decreased (P<0.05).After adjusting for confounding factors including urinary fluoride,maternal education level, and per capita annual household income, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BALP, OC, MMP-2, MMP-9, PTH were independently associated with the risk of dental fluorosis (P<0.05). Conclusion High BALP, MMP-2, MMP-9, low OC, and PTH are independent factors affecting the occurrence of dental fluorosis and are related tothe extent of dental fluorosis.

- Influence Mechanism of Serum Free Immunoglobulin Light Chain on Pulmonary Inflammatory Response and Serum Levels of Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Cuiying Yin — 2024-06-24

Introduction: the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully understood. This work aimed to demonstrate the role of serum free light chains (sFLC) in the pulmonary inflammatory response of COPD patients and its relationship with serum inflammatory cytokine (IC) levels. Material and methods:eighty subjects were enrolled, including 40 COPD patients (COPD group) and 40 healthy controls (control group). All patients were further rolled into four subgroups regarding the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) staging criteria. The serum levels of sFLC and ICs were compared between the two groups, and their correlations with lung function indicators were analyzed. Results: the serum sFLC levels of COPD patients were markedly superior to those of healthy controls. The levels of serum sFLC and ICs (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8) gradually increased with the severity of the disease. The levels of ICs were negatively correlated with lung function indicators (FEV1% predicted, FEV1/FVC). Conclusion:these findings suggest that serum sFLC may play a critical role in pulmonary inflammatory response of COPD patients and serve as a potential indicator for evaluating COPD severity and predicting disease progression.

- Correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D Level of Lactating Mothers and Bone Mineral Density of Infants and Analysis of Risk Factors

Huiwen Wu — 2024-08-06

Abstract: it was to demonstrate the influencing factors of infant bone mineral density(BMD) and its correlation with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) in nursing mothers. 200 children aged 0 ~ 1 years were rolled into normal group (n=120) and abnormal group (n=80) regarding the results of ultrasound BMD examination. The sunshine duration of infants with different BMD and 25-(OH)D, calcium and phosphorus levels of nursing mothers were analyzed, and univariate and multivariate analyses of BMD were implemented. The results revealed that the sunshine duration and serum 25-(OH)D level of nursing mothers in abnormal group were inferior to those in normal group (P<0.05). Additionally, a notable positive correlation existedbetween sunshine duration, serum 25-(OH)D level of nursing mothers and BMD (r = 0.911 and 0.503, P<0.05). According to Logistic regression analysis, outdoor activity time 0 ~ 1 h/d, premature infants, and breastfeeding alone were independent risk factors (RFs) for abnormal BMD in infants, and vitamin D(VD) and calcium supplementation were independent protective factors (P<0.05). VD and calcium intake, adequate sunshine duration, mixed feeding, and increasing serum 25-(OH)D can reduce the occurrence of abnormal BMD in infants.