Journal of Medical Biochemistry

Correlation Between SUA and Prognosis in CHF Patients After Revascularization

Bo Miao — 2023-08-22

Background: To explore the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) after revascularization.

Methods: A total of 126 patients with CHF undergoing revascularization [coronary artery intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)] in the hospital were enrolled as CHF group between December 2021 and October 2022, while 126 healthy controls during the same period were enrolled as healthy control group. The levels of SUA, inflammatory factors and cardiac function in the two groups were detected. The correlation between SUA level and inflammatory factors, cardiac function levels was analyzed. All patients in CHF group were followed up for 6 months to observe prognosis. The differences in the above indexes among patients with different prognosis were compared. The risk factors of prognosis were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and their predictive value for prognosis was evaluated by ROC curves analysis.

Results: SUA, IL-6, TNF-α, NT-proBNP and LVEDD in CHF group were higher than those in healthy control group, while LVEF was lower than that in healthy control group (P<0.05). Among the 126 patients within 6 months after surgery, there were 24 cases (19.05%) with adverse cardiac events (poor prognosis). SUA, IL-6, TNF-α, NT-proBNP and LVEDD in patients with poor prognosis were higher than those with good prognosis, while LVEF was lower than that with good prognosis (P<0.05). SUA level was positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α, NT-proBNP and LVEDD (r=0.283, 0.292, 0.322, 0.355, P<0.05), while negatively correlated with LVEF (r=-0.368, P<0.05). High level of SUA and low LVEF were independent risk factors of prognosis (OR=1.486, 0.678, P<0.05). Both SUA and LVEF were of prognostic value (AUC=0.805, 0.809, P<0.05).

Conclusion: SUA level is significantly increased in CHF patients, which is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in CHF patients after revascularization, with high prognostic value.

Analysis of vasoactive and oxidative stress indicators for evaluating the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure, and relation of vasoactive and oxidative stress indicators and cardiac function in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients

Xiaohong Ni — 2023-07-15

Objective: The work was to analyze vasoactive and oxidative stress indicators for evaluating the efficacy of Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and evaluate the relation of vasoactive and oxidative stress indicators and cardiac function in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) patients.

Methods: OSAS patients (n = 120) from May 2021 to June 2022 were treated with CPAP. According to the clinical efficacy, the patients were divided into effective group and ineffective group. Vasoactive factors and oxidative stress indices were compared between the two groups to evaluate their clinical efficacy. The changes of cardiac function indices in the two groups were tested, and the correlation between vasoactive factors and oxidative stress indices and cardiac function was analyzed.

Results: The effective rate of CPAP was 63.33% (76/120). Levels of Ang II, ET-1 and MDA were lower and SOD level was higher in the effective group than the ineffective group after treatment. AUC of the four indicators was all greater than 0.75. LPWT and IVST values of the effective group were lower than the ineffective group. A positive correlation was identified between the levels of AngⅡ, ET-1, and MDA with LPWT, between levels of ET-1 and MDA with IVST, and a negative correlation between SOD with LPWT and IVST.

Conclusion: CPAP treatment can effectively improve the vascular activity and reduce the oxidative stress response of OSAS patients, and the combined detection of vasoactive factors and oxidative stress indicators is valuable for evaluating the efficacy of CPAP, and is related to cardiac function.

Predictive value of plasma sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins in the risk of death in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Jing Pan — 2023-08-27

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins in the risk of death in a prospective cohort of adult acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: Adult ARDS patients were included. Plasma sICAM-1, sP-Selectins, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17A) were detected in ARDS subjects. The correlation between different factors and the potential of sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins as endothelial markers to predict the risk of death from ARDS was analyzed.

Results: Plasma sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins were higher in ARDS patients and higher in non-survivors of ARDS. sICAM-1 was significantly correlated with TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and sP-Selectins was also significantly correlated with IL-6 and IL-8. Above the critical values of 245.5 ng/mL (sICAM-1) and 482.5 ng/mL (sP-Selectins), the death of the ARDS population increased. High plasma sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins at ICU admission were independent predictors of death of ARDS patients.

Conclusion: sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins can predict the risk of death in critically ill patients with ARDS.

DIFFERENT DOSES OF RECOMBINANT FSH AND DETERMINING PARAMETERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS

Lidija Tulic — 2023-09-11

Background: This study aimed to examine if there is a connection between recombinant FSH dose and OS parameters in serum and the impact on IVF outcome.

Methods: This study consisted of 101 participants that went through IVF procedures. Parameter that were tested are SOD, SH groups and MDA. Serum samples were drawn before stimulation and on the last day of ovarian stimulation.

Results: Two groups were formed according to the dose of gonadotropins (rFSH). In both groups there were no significant differences in live–birth rate and miscarriage. In both groups mean serum MDA and SH-groups were significantly higher after ovarian stimulation, but mean serum SOD was significantly lower when compared to values before stimulation. There were less patients without OS before stimulation.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is a difference in serum concentration in groups SOD, SH groups and MDA at the beginning and at the end ovarian stimulation. On the other hand, dose of rFSH is not related with change of parameters for oxidative stress, quality of oocytes, embryos, fertilization, pregnancies, and miscarriage rate. Patients without oxidative stress before the IVF procedure needed lower doses of gonadotropins during stimulation.

Keywords: in vitro fertilization, oxidative stress, gonadotropin dose

Clinical observation of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and metformin treatment in obese PCOS patients

Qingya Ma — 2023-09-13

Background: to observe the basic metabolic characteristics of obese patients with PCOS, and observe and compare the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and metformin treatment after 3 months.

Methods: In January to December 2018, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University selected 104 women who were classified as obese with a BMI of 28kg/cm2 or higher and had PCOS. They were divided into obese PCOS group (53 cases) and obese non-pcos group (51 cases).

Results: 1. There was no significant difference in waist circumference and WHR between patients who are obese with PCOS and patients who are obese without PCOS (P > 0.05).Obese PCOS patients were significantly higher in AMH, LH/FSH, T, FAI, homa-ir, TG, LDL, apo-b and uric acid than the group of non-PCOS patients who were obese. (P<0.05). The SHBG levels of obese patients with PCOS were obviously lower when contrasted with the levels in obese patients without PCOS (P < 0.05). 2. Body weight, BMI, INS, homa-ir and TG of obese PCOS patients were significantly decreased 3 months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy compared with that before surgery (P < 0.05). After three months of medical treatment with metformin, the patients' HOMA-IR was obviously reduced when contrasted with the pre-treatment HOMA-IR levels (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the improvement degree of homa-ir between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: 1. Obese patients with PCOS demonstrated higher expression of AMH, LH/FSH, T, SHBG, and FAI when contrasted with the control group. Additionally, they experienced more severe insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders. 2. The weight and BMI of obese PCOS patients were significantly decreased after weight loss, while IR and blood lipid were significantly improved, while IR was improved in metformin group, and no significant discrepancy was observed in the degree of improvement of insulin resistance between both groups.

Expression and clinical significance of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge of breast cancer patients

Jun Geng — 2023-09-20

Background: It is an important clinical means to identify benign and malignant breast diseases caused by nipple discharge through the detection and analysis of components in nipple discharge. This study was aimed to test the expression and clinical significance of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in nipple discharge of breast cancer patients.

Methods: From January 2017 to December 2018, 86 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with nipple discharge (breast cancer group) and 50 patients with ordinary breast duct hyperplasia with nipple discharge (benign control group) were selected, and the nipple discharge and serum CA125, CA153 and CEA levels in the two groups were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results: The nipple discharge and serum CA125, CA153 and CEA levels in the benign control group were significantly lower than those in the breast cancer group, and the serum CA125, CA153 and CEA levels were obviously lower than those nipple discharge levels. The expression levels of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge in the breast cancer group had no significant difference in different age of onset and different tumor sites. The CA125, CA153 and CEA levels in nipple discharge of patients with tumor diameter n5 cm, low differentiation, high stage, metastasis, and recurrence were obviously elevated versus to those of patients with tumor diameter <5 cm, high differentiation, low stage, and no metastasis and recurrence. These levels were not significantly correlated with the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), but was significantly correlated with the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) and Ki-67. The accuracy, sensitivity, and negative predictive value of nipple discharge CA125, CA153 and CEA combined tests in the diagnosis of breast cancer were markedly improved compared with serum combinations and individual tests.

Conclusion: The combination of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge can be considered as a potential diagnostic method for breast cancer, which is an effective supplement to serological diagnosis, and can provide new ideas for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast cancer with nipple discharge.

YAP drives the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Guozhu Che — 2023-09-20

Background: To assess the influence of serum level of YAP on laboratory examination findings, imaging findings and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis patients combined cardiovascular disease (RA-CVD).

Methods: RA-CVD patients (n=60), RA-nCVD patients (n=60) and healthy subjects (n=60) were recruited. Serum levels of YAP in them were detected by qRT-PCR. Their baseline characteristics were analyzed and compared. Disease activity, CVD risk factors and imaging findings in RA-CVD and RA-nCVD patients were evaluated and compared. In addition, potential influences of YAP on disease activity, CVD risk factors and imaging findings in RA-CVD patients were assessed.

Results: RA-CVD patients had higher levels of ERS, anti-CCP, RF, HDL-C, CRP, FRS, BNP, LA, LVs, LVd and cIMT, and lower level of EF in comparison to RA-nCVD patients. Serum level of YAP was higher in RA-CVD patients than that of RA-nCVD patients and healthy subjects. YAP level was positively correlated to DAS28, TG, CRP, PLT, FRS, BNP and cIMT in RA-CVD patients.

Conclusion: Serum level of YAP increases in RA-CVD patients. YAP is a potential factor driving the development of CVD in RA patients through regulating inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, glycometabolism and thrombosis.

Expression levels and diagnostic value of serum GDNF, CEA and CA199 in patients with Colorectal Carcinoma

Jue Wang — 2023-10-03

Background: To investigate the expression levels and diagnostic value of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen199 (CA199) in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC).

Methods. 50 CRC patients at our hospital from Feb. 2020 to Feb. 2021 were chosen as the malignant group, another 50 patients with benign colonic diseases were chosen as the benign group, and 50 healthy people who came to our hospital for physical examination during the same period were considered as the control group. Fasting peripheral venous blood was taken from all research subjects in the morning and tested by a fully-automated electrochemiluminometer to determine the GDNF, CEA and CA199 levels. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of the three indexes for CRC were analyzed, and the ROC curve was plotted to record the area under the curve (AUC).

Results. The malignant group had remarkably higher CEA and CA199 levels (P<0.001) and a lower GDNF level (P<0.001) when compared with the benign and control groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the combined detection were 96.0%, 94.0%, 88.9% and 97.9%, respectively. The combined detection had the AUC (95% CI) = 0.950 (0.909-0.991), the standard error of 0.021, and the progressive Sig.b<0.001.

Conclusion. The combined diagnosis of serum GDNF, CEA and CA199 is a reliable method to improve the diagnostic accuracy of CRC, and this strategy can effectively reduce the missed diagnosis rate and has high application value in clinic.

Determination of systemic inflamatory biomarkers in multiple sclerosis

Maša Todorović — 2023-10-20

Background: Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. We aimed to investigate serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of different laboratory inflammatory biomarkers in patients with MS.

Methods: A total of 120 subjects participated in the study, 60 of whom are diagnosed with MS, 30 with the final diagnose of non-inflammatory diseases of the CNS, and 30 healthy subjects representing the control group. Regarding to progression of radiological findings after 2 years from the initial diagnosis, MS group was divided into subgroups: with stationary radiological findings (n=30) and with radiologically proven disease progression (n=30). In all patients we analyzed levels of laboratory inflammatory biomarkers: CRP, NLR, GDF15 and NFs. Values of NFs and GDF15 were analyzed initial while the values of CRP and NLR were analyzed initial and after two years.

Results: We found statistically lower GDF15 values and initial CRP values in MS group in regards to group with non-inflammatory diseases of the CNS (p=0.000). On the other side, we determined significant elevation of laboratory markers CRP and NLR, initial and after two years period, in MS subgroup with progression of MRI findings (p= 0.000 and p=0.050, respectively). Also we found a positive correlation of CRP and neurofilaments (r=0.243, p=0.04), as well as a positive correlation of CRP and GDF15 in patients with MS (r=0.769, p=0.000).

Conclusion: We found significant elevation of laboratory markers of systemic inflammation, CRP and NLR in MS patients who developed disease progression based on MRI findings.

Key words: Multiple sclerosis; Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; C reactive protein, Neurofilaments, Growth differentiation factor 15

Roles of MIR155HG and TNF-α in Evaluation of Prognosis of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Xiaojing Gu — 2023-10-22

Background: To study the roles of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-155 host gene (MIR155HG) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the evaluation of prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: A total of 130 patients with SLE admitted to our hospital were selected, and the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score was given. The expressions of MIR155HG and TNF-α were detected via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the incidence of complications during treatment was observed, and the associations of MIR155HG and TNF-α with SLEDAI before treatment and complications were analyzed. All patients were followed up after discharge, and the related factors to the prognosis of patients were analyzed via Cox regression analysis.

Results: The levels of MIR155HG and TNF-α were higher in patients with an SLEDAI score of 10-14 points than those in patients with an SLEDAI score of 5-9 points and 0-4 points. MIR155HG and TNF-α were positively correlated with the incidence of infection, renal damage and cardiac damage. Moreover, there was also a positive correlation between the expressions of serum MIR155HG and TNF-α in SLE patients. SLEDAI score ≥10 points, complications during hospitalization, and highly-expressed MIR155HG and TNF-α were risk factors related to the prognosis of patients.

Conclusion: MIR155HG and TNF-α are key regulators in the pathogenesis of SLE, and they can affect the prognosis of patients. Such a finding provides potential new targets for the treatment of SLE.

The Clinical significance of serum synaptophysin like 1 protein levels in breast cancer

Hafize Uzun — 2023-10-22

Background: Mammography, used for breast cancer (BC) screening, has limitations such as decreased sensitivity in dense breasts. Currently used tumor markers are insufficient in diagnosing breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of synaptophysin-like protein 1 (SYPL1) and BC, as well as compare SYPL1 with other blood tumor markers. Method: The study group consisted of 80 female patients with a histopathological diagnosis of invasive BC and didn’t receive any radiotherapy/chemotherapy. The control group 72 women with noprevious history of breast disease and evaluated as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS 1-2) on imaging. Serum SYPL1, cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in both groups. Results: The diagnostic values of SYPL1, CEA and CA15-3 proteins in diagnosing BC were statistically significant. The sensitivity of SYPL1 was 48.75%, with a specificity of 80.56%. CA15-3 had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 49.30%. There wasn’t statistically significant correlation between serum SYPL1 and tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, distant organ metastasis, and stage.

Conclusion: The serum SYPL1 maintained a higher discriminatory ability for BC. The serum SYPL1 level can be used with high specificity in the diagnosis of BC. Although SYPL1 has low diagnostic value in BC by itself.

Comparison of screening indicators for different types of thalassemia carriers in Hunan Province

Hua Tang — 2023-10-25

Backgroud: Carrier screening is the most effective method to block the occurrence of thalassemia. However, due to differences in race and genotype, MCV, MCH, HbA2 and other indicators are far from each other. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the common screening indicators of α, β and αβ-compound thalassemia carriers in Hunan Province, and try to use the relevant formulas in the existing literature to predict and distinguish different types of thalassemia carriers.

Methods: Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) combined with Youden index was utilized to analyze results of blood routine examination, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and literature-related formulas for 1111 α-thalassemia carriers, 464 β-thalassemia carriers and 24 αβ-thalassemia carriers.

Results: For α-thalassemia carriers, no matter which screening index or formula, the screening efficiency was not ideal. For β-thalassemia minor carriers, RBC, RDW_CV, Hb_A2, Hb_F and formula 5-7 could be used, and for compound thalassemia, RBC, RDW_CV, Hb_A2 and formula 5-6 are suitable. Hb_A2 has high efficiency in the screening of β-thalassemia minor and αβ-thalassemia. For the screening of β-thalassemia minor, if the cut-off value of HbA2 is set to 3%, the detection rate of 93.32% can be obtained at the positive rate of 9.6%, and if it is set to 3.15%, the detection rate can also reach 81.68% at the positive rate of 2.89%. For αβ-thalassemia, if the cut-off value of HbA2 is set to 3%, the detection rate of 95.83% can be obtained under the positive rate of 8.08%.

Conclusions: Different screening indicators and formulas have different efficiencies for different thalassemia carriers. α-thalassemia carriers are easily missed by screening indicators or corresponding formulas. HbA2 is a better screening indicator for both β-thalassemia minor carriers and αβ-thalassemia carriers, and formulas 5, 6, and 7 are suitable for β-thalassemia minor carriers, and formulas 5 and 6 are better for αβ-thalassemia carriers. To fully and objectively understand each screening index, data support has been provided for clinical and laboratory tests.

The relationship between lactate dehydrogenase and apolipoprotein A1 levels in patients with severe pneumonia

Jiang Wang — 2023-11-09

Background: To investigate the relationship between lactate dehydrogenase and apolipoprotein A1 levels and the condition and prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia.

Methods: We retrospectively collected 204 patients with severe pneumonia who were hospitalized from January 1, 2019 to December 1, 2021 in our hospital (respiratory intensive care unit (RICU)), and divided into survival group (160 patients) and death group (44 patients) according to their hospitalization outcome. The relationship between lactate dehydrogenase and apolipoprotein A1 levels and general information, disease, and treatment needs of patients with severe pneumonia was analyzed, and lactate dehydrogenase, apolipoprotein A1, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, hematocrit, C-reactive protein, calcitoninogen, D-dimer, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Status Rating System II, and Pneumonia Severity Index scores were compared between the survival and death groups. The value of these indicators in determining the prognosis of patients was analyzed using subject operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for death from severe pneumonia.

Results: The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) when comparing age and pneumonia typing between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender and total length of stay (P >0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in LDH and ApoA1 levels between male patients and female patients (P>0.05). The differences in LDH and ApoA1 levels were statistically significant (P<0.05) when comparing patients with severe pneumonia at different ages. The differences in LDH and ApoA1 levels between SCAP and SHAP patients were not statistically significant (P>0.05). LDH and ApoA1 levels were higher in patients with severe pneumonia with acute exacerbation of slow-onset lung or MODS during hospitalization than in patients with severe pneumonia without acute exacerbation of slow-onset lung or MODS, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) when comparing LDH and ApoA1 levels in patients with severe pneumonia with different PSI grades or APACHE II scores. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) when comparing LDH and ApoA1 levels in patients with severe pneumonia with different ICU length of stay. There was no statistically significant difference in LDH and ApoA1 levels when comparing patients with severe pneumonia who required tracheal intubation or sedation and analgesia during hospitalization (P>0.05). LDH and ApoA1 levels in patients with severe pneumonia with different duration of mechanical ventilation were compared with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). LDH and ApoA1 levels in the death group were 105.08 (75.22 ~140.0), which was significantly higher than 86.66 (62.66 ~ 106.14) in the survival group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of NLR, HCT, CRP, PCT, DD, PSI scores, and APACHE II scores between the two groups (P>0.05). The AUC for LDH predicting death in patients with severe pneumonia was 0.723 (95% CI (0.579 ~ 0.868)) with a sensitivity of 70.7% and specificity of 71.8% at a cut-off value of 289 U/mL, and the AUC for ApoA1 predicting death in patients with severe pneumonia was 0.754 (95% CI (0.616 ~ 0.891)) with a cut-off value of at 0.92 mg/mL, the sensitivity was 72.2% and specificity was 73.1%, and the AUC for LDH combined with ApoA1 to predict death in patients with severe pneumonia was 0.873 (95% CI (0.779 ~ 0.967)), with a higher area under the line than for the assay alone, with a sensitivity of 85.14% and specificity of 82.83%. Multifactorial dichotomous logistic regression analysis revealed that LDH>289 U/mL and ApoA1<0.92 mg/mL would increase the risk of death from severe pneumonia, with statistically significant differences (OR=4.275, 0.548, P<0.05).

Conclusion: Elevated LDH levels and reduced ApoA1 levels in patients with severe pneumonia are valuable in assessing patients' conditions and prognosis, and can provide assistance in the early assessment of patients' conditions and diagnosis and treatment.

MiR-21 Regulating Distribution of Intestinal Flora Through TNF-α Promotes Progression of Ulcerative Colitis

Ke Yang — 2023-05-28

Background: To study the changes in intestinal flora in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and to explore its correlations with micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-21 and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).

Methods: A total of 150 patients with UC were selected and divided into remission group and seizure group according to the severity of disease. At the same time, 150 healthy people receiving physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as control group. The levels of fecal miR-21 and TNF-α in all subjects were determined via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The correlation between miR-21 and TNF-α and their associations with the changes in intestinal bacteria in UC were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The risk factors affecting the occurrence of UC were explored via multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: The levels of fecal miR-21 and TNF-α in patients with UC were significantly higher than those in control group, and they were also significantly higher in seizure group than those in remission group. There was a positive correlation between the levels of miR-21 and TNF-α. The number of fecal intestinal flora (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacterium and Enterococcus) was different in patients with varying degrees of disease. MiR-21 and TNF-α were negatively correlated with the content of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, but positively correlated with the content of Enterobacterium and Enterococcus. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, miR-21 and TNF-α were risk factors for the seizure of UC.

Conclusion: MiR-21 can promote the expression of TNF-α, and lead to the alteration of intestinal flora, thereby enhancing the occurrence and development of UC.