UNVEILING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EU CHARISMATIC LEADERS USING PIPRECIA-S METHOD
Abstract
One of the popular leadership styles in politics is charismatic leadership, which implies that leaders possess unique qualities that set them apart from others, enabling them to mobilise the masses, gain support, win elections, and inspire them towards a common goal. Although many important studies have been undertaken regarding leaders and evaluating leadership qualities, there is a particular gap regarding examining charismatic leadership competencies using MDCM (Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making) methods. This paper aims to fill the scientific gap and provide a different insight into leadership competencies by evaluating the characteristics of the EU charismatic leaders in the 21st century using the PIPRECIA-S method. Drawing on previous research, this article provides a a more fine-grained perspective of the literature on leadership competencies and using PIPRECIA-S method to rank charismatic leadership competencies of EU leaders, and provide insights into European Union leaders' qualities, focusing on their strengths and areas for development. The findings highlight the importance of specific competencies in effective leadership, such as stability, discernment, education, analytical thinking, and learning from mistakes. This article also displays the effectiveness of MDCM methods in evaluating leadership competencies, providing a robust framework for estimating leadership in political and other contexts. The findings have implications for policymakers, organizations, and individuals seeking to develop leadership competencies in the European Union, candidate countries and beyond.
References
Ahmed, H. M., & Kamel, A. A. E. B. A. A. (2023). A university leader selection novel intelligent system based on Fuzzy-AHP and PROMETTEE II. International Journal of Information Technology, 15(7), 3857-3871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01344-1
Antonakis, J., Bastardoz, N., Jacquart, P., & Shamir, B. (2016a). Charisma: An ill-defined and ill-measured gift. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3(1), 293–319. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062305
Avolio, B. J., & Yammarino, F. J. (2013). Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. In B. J. Avolio, & F. J. Yammarino (Eds.), Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition (Monographs in Leadership and Management, Vol. 5) (pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-357120135
Aytekin, A. (2022). Determining criteria weights for vehicle tracking system selection using PIPRECIA-S. Journal of process management and new technologies, 10(1-2), 115-124. https://doi.org/10.5937/jpmnt10-38145
Banks, G. C., Engemann, K. N., Williams, C. E., Gooty, J., McCauley, K. D., & Medaugh, M. R. (2017). A meta-analytic review and future research agenda of charismatic leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(4), 508-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.12.003
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112–121.
Danişan, T., Özcan, E., & Eren, T. (2022). Personnel selection with multi-criteria decision making methods in the ready-to-wear sector. Tehnički vjesnik, 29(4), 1339-1347. https://doi.org/10.17559/TV-20210816220137
Eman, G., & Hernández, A., & González-Romá, V. (2024). Charismatic leadership, intra-team communication quality, and team performance: The role of average leadership perceptions and their homogeneity. European Management Journal, in press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2023.04.011
Europa. (2023). EU challenges and priorities in 2023. European Commission.
Gul, D., & Uludag, A. S. (2016). Determination of the Most Charismatic Leader Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy TOPSIS: An Application in Turkey. International Business Research, 9(7), 80-97.
Hadadian, Z., Saedi, M., & Arabkorlu, Z. (2020). Selecting an Effective Leader: A Competency-Based Grey Relational Analysis Model. In Eurasian Business Perspectives: Proceedings of the 23rd Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference (pp. 77-89). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40160-3_5
Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2005). What We Know About Leadership. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 169-180.
House, R. J. (1977). A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. In J. G. Hunt, & L. L. Larson (Eds.), The cutting edge (pp. 189–207). Carbondale, Southern Illinois: University Press.
House, R. J., & Baetz, M. L. (1979). Leadership: Some empirical generalizations and new research directions. In B. M. Staw (Ed.), Research in Organizational Behavior (pp. 341-423). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
Kilic, H. S., Demirci, A. E., & Delen, D. (2020). An integrated decision analysis methodology based on IF-DEMATEL and IF-ELECTRE for personnel selection. Decision Support Systems, 137, 113360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2020.113360
Krishankumar, R., Premaladha, J., Ravichandran, K. S., Sekar, K. R., Manikandan, R., & Gao, X. Z. (2020). A novel extension to VIKOR method under intuitionistic fuzzy context for solving personnel selection problem. Soft Computing, 24, 1063-1081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-03943-2
Kumar, A., & Kaur, K. (2022). Aiding team leader selection in software industry using fuzzy-TOPSIS approach. In IOT with Smart Systems: Proceedings of ICTIS 2021, Volume 2 (pp. 521-530). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3945-6_51
Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996). Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature. The Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), 385–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90027-2
Mirčetić V., Mihić, M., & Kovačević, I. (2024). Unlocking Hidden Potential: Developing Leadership Competencies in the Digital Age. Proceedings of XIX International Symposium SymOrg 2024 - Unlocking the Hidden Potential of Organisation Through Merging of Humans and Digitals (in press). Faculty of Organisational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
Mirhosseini, S. A., Kiani Mavi, R., Kiani Mavi, N., Abbasnejad, B., & Rayani, F. (2020). Interrelations among leadership competencies of BIM leaders: A fuzzy DEMATEL-ANP approach. Sustainability, 12(18), 7830. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187830
Mladenović, M., Đukić, T., & Popović, G. (2023). Analysis of financial reporting platforms based on the PIPRECIA-S Method. Journal of process management and new technologies, 11(3-4), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.5937/jpmnt11-48186
Nassif, A. G., Hackett, R. D., & Wang, G. (2021). Ethical, virtuous, and charismatic leadership: An examination of differential relationships with follower and leader outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 172(3), 581–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04491-8
Ozgormus, E., Senocak, A. A., & Goren, H. G. (2021). An integrated fuzzy QFD-MCDM framework for personnel selection problem. Scientia Iranica, 28(5), 2972-2986.
Popović, M. (2021). An MCDM approach for personnel selection using the CoCoSo method. Journal of process management and new technologies, 9(3-4), 78-88. https://doi.org/10.5937/jpmnt9-34876
Priyadharshini, D., Gopinath, R., & Poornappriya, T. S. (2020). A fuzzy MCDM approach for measuring the business impact of employee selection. International Journal of Management (IJM), 11(7), 1769-1775. https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.11.7.2020.159
Seiler, S., & Pfister, A. C. (2009). 'Why Did I Do This?' Understanding Leadership Behavior Through a Dynamic Five–Factor Model of Leadership. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(3), 41-52.
Setiawansyah, S., Sintaro, S., Saputra, V. H., & Aldino, A. A. (2024). Combination of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and Simplified Pivot Pairwise Relative Criteria Importance Assessment (PIPRECIA-S) in Determining the Best Staff. Bulletin of Informatics and Data Science, 2(2), 57-66.
Stanujkić, D., Karabašević, D., Popović, G., & Sava, C. (2021). Simplified pivot pairwise relative criteria importance assessment (PIPRECIA-S) method. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 24(4), 141
Stanujkić, D., Zavadskas, E. K., Karabašević, D., Smarandache, F., & Turskis, Z. (2017). The use of the pivot pairwise relative criteria importance assessment method for determining the weights of criteria. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 20(4), 116-133.
Sulistiani, H., Palupiningsih, P., Hamidy, F., Sari, P. L., & Khairunnisa, Y. (2023, November). Employee Performance Evaluation Using Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) with PIPRECIA-S Weighting: A Case Study in Education Institution. In 2023 International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Informations System (ICIMCIS) (pp. 369-373). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMCIS60089.2023.10349017
van Knippenberg, D., & Sitkin, S. B. (2013). A critical assessment of charismatic—transformational leadership research: Back to the drawing board? The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 1–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2013.759433
Wowak, A. J., Mannor, M. J., Arrfelt, M., & McNamara, G. (2016). Earthquake or glacier? How CEO charisma manifests in firm strategy over time. Strategic Management Journal, 37(3), 586–603. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2346
Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in Organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.