Primena kanabisa u medicini i farmaciji

  • Nebojša Pavlović Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet, Katedra za farmaciju

Sažetak


Lekovita svojstva kanabisa poznata su od davnina, mada je primena uglavnom bila ograničena usled narkotičkih osobina ove biljke. Danas, farmakološki aktivne supstance kanabisa - kanabinoidi, predstavljaju veoma zanimljivu grupu jedinjenja, sa potencijalno velikom primenom u medicini i farmaciji. Sprovedena istraživanja su nedvosmisleno pokazala da su kanabinoidi veoma efikasni, pre svega, u terapiji mučnine i povraćanja i u otklanjanju hroničnih bolova. Za pacijente koji pate od teških, hroničnih oboljenja, poput karcinoma i AIDS-a, dokazano je da kanabis deluje na takav način da istovremeno olakšava više tegoba, kao i da je njegov efekat jači nego što je to slučaj kod pojedinih registrovanih lekova. Takođe, postoji veliki potencijal kanabinoida da se primenjuju u terapiji mnogih drugih patoloških stanja, poput multiple skleroze, Alchajmerove bolesti, epilepsije, hipertenzije, glaukoma, mada je neophodno dovršiti poslednje faze kliničkih ispitivanja kako bi se ova jedinjenja registrovala, odnosno kako bi se mogla bezbedno primenjivati kod ovih bolesti. Iako se tetrahidrokanabinol (THC) pokazao kao veoma efikasan u terapiji brojnih oboljenja, intenzivno se razvijaju novi lekovi koji bi trebalo da imaju veću selektivnost delovanja, dobre farmakokinetske osobine, odnosno povoljniji odnos između željenog dejstva i sporednih efekata. Legalizacija upotrebe kanabisa u medicinske svrhe je aktuelna tema na globalnom nivou i u većini zemalja su pokrenute inicijative za izmenu važećih zakona kako bi preparati i registrovani lekovi na bazi prirodnih sastojaka kanabisa, kao i njima sličnim, sintetski proizvedenih, postali dostupni pacijentima kojima, na osnovu sprovedenih istraživanja, sigurno mogu doprineti boljem kvalitetu života.

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2016/06/30
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