PREDNOSTI I MANE URGENTNE POSTKOITALNE KONTRACEPCIJE
Sažetak
Urgentna postkoitalna kontracepcija (UPK), takođe poznata kao „urgentna kontracepcija“ i kao „tableta za jutro posle“ je jednostavan način da se prevenira začeće i nabavlja se u većini zemalja bez recepta. Primenom UPK se može sprečiti neželjena trudnoća ako izostane efekat primenjene zaštite, ako nije korišćena nijedna metoda zaštite, ili ako je došlo do silovanja. Trenutno raspoloživa sredstva i metode za zaštitu od neželjene trudnoće podrazumevaju peroralnu primenu kombinacije estrogen-progestina (etinilestradiol sa levonorgestrelom), primenu samo progestina (levonorgestrel), korišćenje peroralnog ulipristal acetata, antiprogestin sintetičkog steroida mifepristona (RU-486), samog estrogena (visoke doze etiniletsradiola) i bakarne T spirale. UPK tablete su mnogo dostupnije nego bakarne T spirale, smanjuju mogućnost nastanka trudnoće posle jednog nezaštićenog odnosa za najmanje 50%. Bakarna T spirala je najefikasniji oblik UPK sa izostankom dejstva manjim od 1%. UPK je jednostavna za primenu i pravovremena upotreba smanjuje mogućnost nastanka neželjene trudnoće pri čemu eventualno postojeća trudnoća neće biti ugrožena. UPK ne mogu koristiti žene koje ne smeju koristiti peroralne kontraceptive, ne štiti od seksualno prenosivih bolesti, ne može se koristiti kao redovan metod kontracepcije. UPK treba upotrebiti što pre nakon nezaštićenog odnosa, jer joj se vremenom smanjuje efikasnost. Mogu se javiti neželjene nuspojave poput muke i povraćanja, odlaganja pojave menstruacije, neregularnog vaginalnog krvarenja, bola u abdomenu, glavobolje, vrtoglavice i najčešće nestaju tokom naredna 24 časa. Takođe su retke nuspojave nakon upotrebe bakarne T spirale, ali ako se jave onda je to u vidu poremećaja mentrualnog krvarenja i povećanog oticanja krvi.
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