Kofein u sportu
Sažetak
Kofein je stimulans centralnog nervnog sistema koji svoje dejstvo ostvaruje preko nekoliko mehanizama i utiče na mnoge biološke funkcije. Generalno se smatra bezbednom supstancom i konzumira širom sveta preko hrane i pića koji ga sadrže. Kofein se karakteriše velikim interindividualnim razlikama u farmakokinetici i farmakodinamici, kao i razvojem tolerancije i zavisnosti kod hroničnog unosa. U sportu, primena malih do umerenih doza kofeina poboljšava performanse, uključujući poboljšanje opšte i mišićne izdržljivosti, povećanje mobilizacije masti iz adipoznog tkiva i iz mišićnih ćelija, smanjenje percepcije zamora, povećanje motorne aktivnosti, uticaj na reakciono vreme, stepen budnosti, poboljšanje vizuelne percepcije i povećan broj angažovanih mišićnih vlakana. Zbog potvrđenog ergogenog efekta, primena kofeina u sportu dugo je bila zabranjivana, ali danas se kofein smatra bezbednim i efikasnim suplementom koji se može koristiti u sportu. Ipak, i dalje podleže monitoringu tokom takmičenja, u cilju sprečavanja eventualne zloupotrebe.
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