EPIDEMIOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE BOLNIČKIH DIJAREJA POVEZANIH SA CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE-OM

Ljiljana Markovic-Denic

doi:10.5937/mckg47-2500

Ljiljana Markovic-Denic Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Insitutu za epidemiologiju

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/mckg47-2500

Sažetak

Clostridium difficile je anaerobna, gram pozitivna, sporogena bakterija čije spore mogu vrlo dugo opstati u spoljašnjoj sredini. Spektrum bolesti prouzrokovane C. difficile-om se kreće od dijareje, do pseudomembranoznog kolitisa i toksičnog megakolona. Nakon 2000. god. postoji porast učestalosti ovih oboljenja u mnogim zemljama. C. difficile luči dva glavna toksina A i B i dijagnoza se najčešće postavlja njihovim dokazivanjem u stolici. Najvažniji faktori rizika za nastanak oboljenja su stariji uzrast, terapija antibioticima, teško osnovno oboljenje, plasiranje nazogastrične sonde, abdominalne hirurške intervencije i produžena hospitalizacija. Mere prevencije i kontrole širenja oboljenja u bolničkoj sredini uključuju izolaciju pacijenata, higijenu ruku, nošenje zaštitne opreme, pranje i dezinfekcija površina i medicinske opreme, racionalnu primenu antibiotika, kao i određene mere tokom epidemija.

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