HYPOKALIEMIJA – RANI MARKER AUTOZOMNO RECESIVNE TUBULOPATIJE (GYTELMAN-OV SY) - PRIKAZ SLUČAJA
Sažetak
Uvod: Hipokalijemija je najčešća karakteristika Gitelmanov-og sindroma, koji predstavlja, retku, naslednu, autozomno recesivnu bolest bubrega, koja je povezana sa bolešću tubula. Osim hipokalemije, najčešće ga karakteriše hipomagneziemija, metabolička alkaloza, hiperrenenemijski hiperaldosteronizam, normalan krvni pritisak, koji može biti niži, dok postojanje arterijske hipertenzije ne isključuje dijagnozu Gitelmanovog sindroma. Podjednako pogađa muškarce i žene, otprilike 1-10 slučajeva na 40000 stanovnika. Najčešći uzrok su mutacije u genu SLC12A3 koji kodira kotransporter natrijum hlorida osetljiv na tiazide (NCCT) i TRPM6 (potfamilija katjonskih kanala 6 proteina Claudin 16) gen upravlja distalnim tubularnim transportom magnezijuma. Cilj je prikazati odraslog bolesnika sa izraženom hipokalijemojom u sklopu Gitelmanovog sindroma koji nije čest u kliničoj praksi. Prikaz slučaja: Predstavljamo muškarca starosti 21 godine sa izaženom hipokalijemijom u sklopu Gitelmanovog sindroma. Bolest se ispoljila nespecifičnim tegobama, a laboratorijski nalazi su pokazali hipokalemiju (2.0 mmol/L) što je bio razlog za hitnu hospitalizaciju. Daljim ispitivanjima, kod bolesnika je verifikovana: hipomagneziemija hipokalciurija, metabolička alkaloza, očuvana funkcija bubrega i hipotenzija. Diferencijalno dijagnostički isključeni su drugi, potencijalni uzroci hipokalijemije. Lečen je supstitucionom terapijom kalijuma i magnezijuma, nakon čega su simptomi nestali, a vrednosti elektrolita se poboljšale. Dijagnoza Gitelmanovog sindroma je postavljena na osnovu kliničkih i laboratorijskih nalaza. Konsultovan je i genetičar.
Zaključak: Hipokalijemija u sklopu Gitelmannov-og sindroma se retko sreće u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi. Karakteriše je varijabilna klinička slika, sa nespecifičnim simptomima, čiji tok i prognoza mogu značajno da ugroze život pacijenta. Za blagovremeno postavljanje dijagnoze i primene adekvatne terapije je potreban timski rad i iskustvo više specijalista. Pacijente sa simptomima treba lečiti simptomatski, a one bez simptoma kontrolisati 1-2 puta godišnje.
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