HABENULARNI KOMPLEKS EPITALAMUSA - FUNKCIONALNO-ANATOMSKI ASPEKTI
Sažetak
SAŽETAK
Habenularni kompleks predstavlja parnu strukturu epitalamusa, sastavljenu iz dva jedra, medijalnog (nc. habenularis medialis - MHb) i lateralnog (nc. habenularis lateralis - LHb). Po svojoj anatomskoj poziciji, ali i neuronskim vezama predstavlja ''raskrsnicu'' u kojoj se ukrštaju putevi limbičkog sistema i bazalnih ganglija. Habenularni kompleks čoveka učestvuje u kontroli moždanog sistema zadovoljstva i ima jako važnu ulogu u emocionalnim procesima. Vrši regulaciju aktivnosti dopaminergičkih, serotonergičkih, noradrenergičkih i holinergičkih neurona moždanog stabla i njihovu transmisiju u strukturama uključenim u kognitivne procese i učestvuje u oblikovanju motornih odgovara, delujući kroz motivacione procese. Disfunkcija ovog kompleksa može biti značajna za nastanak različitih neuroloških i mentalnih poremećaja. Lezije na habenulama dovode do kognitivnih i motornih disfunkcija, promene ponašanja, promene u odgovoru na bol, stres, poremećaja sna, raspoloženja, pažnje, neadekvatnog donošenja odluka zasnovanih na nagradi. Poslednjih godina uočava se porast interesovanja naučnika za ovu moždanu strukturu, s obzirom da predstavlja ciljno područje novih terapijskih metoda lečenja psihijatrijskih i neuroloških oboljenja.
Ključne reči: habenularni kompleks, epitalamus, mentalni poremećaji
ABSTRACT
The habenular nuclear complex presents bilateral part of epithalamus, consisting of medial (nc. habenularis medialis - MHb) and lateral (nc. habenularis lateralis - LHb) habenular nucleus. According to its anatomical position and neuronal connections presents a ''crossroads'' of pathways of the limbic system and basal ganglia. The human habenular complex is involved in control of brain reward system and it is considered to play a very important role in emotional processes. It is involved in regulation of the activity of dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons of the brainstem and their transmission in structures involved in cognitive processes, and participate in determination of behaviour and motor responses, acting through motivational processes. Dysfunction of the complex may be important for the development of a variety of neurological and mental disorders. Lesions of habenular complex lead to cognitive and motor dysfunction, behavioural changes, changes in response to pain, stress, sleep disorders, mood and attention disorders and inadequate value-based decision-making. In recent years, there is a growing interest of scientists in this brain structure, as it represents the target area of new therapeutic methods of treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Key words: habenular complex, epithalamus, mental disordersReference
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