Ispitivanje faktora koji doprinose (ne)vakcinisanju adolescenata

Lidija Jerković

doi:10.5937/norma28-46945

Lidija Jerković Osnovna škola "Dositej Obradović"

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/norma28-46945

Ključne reči: Covid-19, vakcinacija, adolescenti, Pristup promišljene akcije, Teorija verovanja o zdravlju

Sažetak

Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitivanje grupe psiho-socijalnih prediktora koji najbolje razlikuju vakcinisane od nevakcinisanih adolescenata. U odabiru prediktora koji su ispitivani oslonili smo se na rezultate ranijih istraživanja kao i na pretpostavke Teorije verovanja o zdravlju i Pristupa promišljene akcije o tome koji faktori determinišu odluku osobe da se vakciniše ili ne. Racional za organizovanje istraživanja je zabeleženi trend većeg oklevanja da se primi vakcina što je postalo posebno izraženo u okolnostima pandemije koronavirusom. Istraživanje smo sproveli nad adolescentima iz razloga što je oklevanje prema vakcini najviše izraženo kod njih a istovremeno je na njima sprovedeno najmanje istraživanja. U svrhu odgovaranja na istraživačko pitanje, organizovano je krossekciono istraživanje u kojem je inicijalno učestvovalo 833 ispitanika da bi nakon sređivanja matrice uzorak činilo 607 ispitanika (59,2 % ispitanica) uzrasta od 14 do 28 godina (AS = 19.00 SD = 2.98). Prikupljeni su podaci o nameri ispitanika da se vakcinišu, o stavovima koje imaju o vakcini, o socijalnoj normi, opaženoj kontroli, o nivou znanja o vakcinama, konspirativnim uverenjima, o poverenju u nauku, vlast i zdravstveni sistem, o strahu od posledica vakcine, o percepciji podložnosti da se razbole i o vakcinalnom statusu članova porodice i prijatelja. Nad podacima je sprovedena diskriminativna analiza i izdvojena je jedna značajna funkcija. Rezultati otkrivaju da preko dve trećine ispitanih adolescenata nije primilo nijednu dozu vakcine, da u proseku imaju više negativne nego pozitivne stavove, da imaju veoma skromna znanja o vakcinama, da u značajnoj meri veruju u teorije zavere te da imaju nisko poverenje u nauku, vlast i zdravstveni sistem. Varijable koje najbolje diskriminišu vakcinisane od nevakcinisanih adolescenata su namera da se vakcinišu, pozitivni stavovi, subjektvna norma, kao i znanje i poverenje u nauku. Rezultati favorizuju konstrukte Pristupa promišljene akcije u odnosu na Teoriju verovanja o zdravlju. Sveukupmo, rezultati imaju praktične implikacije i mogu poslužiti kao osnova za kreiranje promotivnih kampanja i programa rada sa adolescentima.

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