Determinants of Low birth Weight in Durame General Hospital Ethiopia 2016 ,case control study
Sažetak
Abstract
Background: Low birth weight plays an important role in infant mortality and morbidity of the child. Weight at birth is directly influenced by general status of the mother, but, little is known about what determines being low birth weight among neonates. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the determinants of low birth weight among neonates in health facilities of Kambata Tembaro Zone, SNNP Ethiopia.
Methods: Institution-based case control study was conducted. Neonates born with birth weight less than 2500 gm were grouped into cases and those neonates with weight greater or equal to 2500 were grouped as Controls. A total of 282 participants (57 cases and 225 Controls) were included with controls to cases ratio of 4:1.Data were entered using Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was done to get candidate variables. Adjusted odd ratio was estimated from multiple logistic analysis with corresponding confidence interval to assess strength of association and statistical significance between independent and outcome variable.
Results: A total of 282 neonates (57 cases and 225 controls) comprised the study participants. The mean birth weight of the neonates was 2041.23 gm. (S.D± 339.001) for Cases and 376.00gm (S.D± 438.572) for Controls. Among mothers of neonates 38 (66.7%) cases’ and 146(64.9%) controls’ were age > 24years old. and 40(70.2%) cases’ and 164(72.9 %) controls’ were living in rural area. Majority 44 (77.2%) of mothers of cases’ and 180 (80%) controls ‘were housewives.
Household food in-security (AOR= 6.74; 95% CI(2.78-16.36).Sex of neonates being female (AOR=2.74;95%CI(1.24-6.05) Iron supplementation (AOR=9.71;95%CI(3.51-26.88), additional food during pregnancy_(AOR=5.49 ;95%CI (2.49,12.11) and anemia AOR=3.51;95%CI(1.56-7.85) were significantly associated with LBW at term.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Low birth weight was associated with iron folate, Additional diet during pregnancy, Household food in-security and anemia of the mother. Therefore, the key elements of antenatal care such as iron intake and dietary advice which are likely to improve low birth weight. Improving mother’s food insecurity status also plays important role in decreasing Low birth weight.
Reference
United Nations Children‘s Fund and World Health Organization, Low Birth weight: Country, regional and global estimates. New York, 2004.
World Health Organization, Promoting optimal fetal development report of a technical consultation. . julay,2015
Risnes KR etal, Birth weight and mortality in adulthood Epidemiology Int, 2011. 40.
Goldenberg RL, e.a., Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet, 2008. 371.
Villar J, e.a., Heterogeneity of perinatal outcomes in the preterm delivery syndrome. Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 104(1).
Rebecca Norton, Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy as it Affects Infant Growth, Development and health. 2012.
University of Mysore, Maternal anthropometric measurements and other factors: relation with birth weight of neonates Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition. India, Nutrition Research and Practice, 2012. 500(2).
Leonardo R MR, long term consequence of low birth weight. 2005.
WHO, International statistical classification of available information World health disease and related health problems. 1992.
Kahsay Z, T.A., Nigusie B ,, Low Birth Weight & Associated Factors Among Newborns in Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia Institutional Based Cross Sectional Study. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014(2): p. 80.
Gessessew B , B.D., and Mussie,, A Socio Demographic and Maternal Determinants of Low Birth Weight at Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study. American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery, 2015.
WHO Regional Office for Europe, The Introduction to Health for all policy for the WHO European Region. Copenhagen: Health 1998. 21.
Marchant T, e.a., Neonatal Mortality Risk Associated with Preterm Birth in East Africa, Adjusted by Weight for Gestational Age: Individual Participant Level Meta-Analysis. pmed, 2012.
Tema T, Prevalence and determinants of low birth weight in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. East African Medical Journal, 2006. 83.
UNICEF, A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013 Committing to Child Survival. www.unicef.org/.../Committing_to_Child_Survival_APR_9_-Sept 2015, 2013.
CSA, Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. 2012.
FMOH/MCH Directorate, National Newborn and Child Survival Strategy Document Brief Summary 2015/16-2019/20. June 2015.
ZAKIA M, e.a., Assessment of Adherence to Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation and Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnant Women Ismailia governorate Egypt. Med. J. Cairo Univ, 2011. 79(2).
World Health Organization, Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition. Resolution WHA, 2012.
Chang M, C.H., and Kuei-Feng C,, The effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on neonatal birth weight in Taiwan. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 2010(2): p. 34.
Gebremariam A, Factors predisposing to low birth weight in Jimma Hospital South Western Ethiopia. East African Medical Journal 2005. 82.
Sebayang SK, D.M., Kelly PJ, Shankar AV, Shankar AH,, Determinants of low birth weight, small for gestational age and preterm birth in Lombok, Indonesia: analyses of the birth weight cohort of the SUMMIT trial. Trop Med Int Health 2012. 938(17).
Assefa N, B.Y., Worku A,, Determinants for Low Birth Weight in Kersa, Ethiopia. PLoSONE, 2012(6).
Wado YD, A.M., Hindin MJ., Effects of Maternal Pregnancy Intention, Depressive Symptoms and Social Support on Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Prospective Study from Southwestern Ethiopia. PLoS ONE, 2014.
Hillemeier M, W.C., Chase GA, Dyer AM,, Individual and community predictors of preterm birth and low birth weight along the rural urban continuum in central Pennsylvania. J Rural Health 2007. 23: p. 42-48.
Eshete A, B.D., Wassie B,, Birth outcomes among laboring mothers in selectedhealth facilities of North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia. open access, 2013.
Badshah S, M.L., Mckelvie K, Payne R, Lisboa PJ,, Risk Factors for low birth weight in the public-hospitals at Peshawar, NWFP-Pakistan. BMC, 2008. 8: p. 197.
Vahdaninia M, T.S., Montazeri A,, Correlates of low birth weight in term pregnancies: a retrospective study from Iran. Tehran, Iran. BioMed central. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2008. 8.
Feresu SA, H.S., Welch K, Gillespie BW,, Incidence of and socio-demographic risk factors for stillbirth, preterm birth and low birth weight among Zimbabwean women.Harare, Zimbabwe. Blackwell Publishing LTD Pediatric and prenatal Epidemiology, 2004. 18.
Megabiaw B, Z.M., Mohammed N,, Incidence and correlates of low birth weight at a referral hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. Pan African Medical Journal 2012. 12(4).
Adane AA, A.T., Ararsa LG, Bitew BD and Zeleke BM,, Adverse birth outcomes among deliveries at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2014. 14: p. 90.
Teklehaimanot N, H.T., Assefa H,, Prevalence and Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Axum and Laelay Maichew Districts, North Ethiopia. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2014.
Merry KM, Prenatal care Limitations and opportunities. JOGNN 2006. 35: p. 278-86.
Siza, J., Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates among pregnant women attending a referral hospital in Northern Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2008.
CSA, EDHS, Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. 2011.
Idris U, M.B., BalaM,, A prospective study of maternal risk factors for low birth weight babies in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences 2014 11(2).
Aranda N, R.B., Garcia E, Viteri FE, Arija V,, Pre-pregnancy iron reserves, iron supplementation during pregnancy and birth weight. Early Hum Dev, 2011. 87: p. 791-97.
Christian etal., Effects of alternative maternal micronutrient supplements on low birthweight in rural Nepal: double blind randomized community trial. BMJ 2003.
Alwan NA, G.D., Simpson NAB, McArdle HJ, Godfrey KM, Cade JE,, Dietary iron intake during early pregnancy and birth outcomes in a cohort of Britishwomen. Hum Reprod, 2011. 26: p. 911-19.
Balarajan Y, S.S., Fawzi WW,, Maternal iron and folic acid supplementation is associated with lower risk of low birth weight in India. J Nutr, 2013 143 p. 1309-1315.
Khanal V, Z.Y.a.S.K., Role of antenatal care and iron supplementation during pregnancy in preventing low birth weight in Nepal: comparison of national surveys 2006 and 2011. BioMed Central Ltd, 2014. 72(4).
Palma S, P.-I.R., Prieto D, Pardo R, Llorca J, Delgado-Rodriguez M,, Iron but not folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of low birth weight in pregnant women without anemia. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2008. 62: p. 120-24.
Allen LH, Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr, 2000.
Nekatibeb G, G.M.A., Analysis of birth weight in Metu Karl hospital South West Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal 2007. 45: p. 195-202.
Zenebe K, A.T., Birhan N,, Low Birth Weight & Associated Factors Among Newborns in Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014. 4(2): p. 74-80.
Michael F. Iddrisu A, R.Y., Maternal Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight in a District Hospital in Ashanti Region of Ghana. Research in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013. 2(4): p. 34-48.
Barbara A. Laraia, A.M.S.-R.a.C.G., Household food insecurity is associated with self-reported pregravid weight status, gestational weight gain and pregnancy complications. J Am Diet Assoc 2010. 110(5): p. 692-701.
MS K, Determinants of low birth weight: weight neonates. Essence of pediatrics. 3rd edition.methodological assessment and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ, 1987. 65: p. 663-73.
Negassi T, T.H., Huruy A,, Prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight in Axum and Laelay Miche Districts,North Ethiopia:A Comparative crossectional study. InternationalJournal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2014. 3(6).
SACHIN S Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Term Low Birth Weight Neonates .A Matched-Pair Case Control Study. 2011.
Coates J, Swindale A, and Bilinsky P, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for measurement of food access. FANTA.Avaliable at www.fantaproject.org
Mozayeni M, M.A., Eshraghian M, Davaei M,, Relationship between food securityand stress in pregnant mothers and low birth weight infant in childbirth in Tehran akbar abadi hospital. international journal of current life science, 2014.
Jammeh A, S.J., Vangen S,, Maternal and obstetric risk factors for low birth weight and preterm birth in rural Gambia: a hospital-based study of 1579 deliveries. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011.
Birhan.M, M.Z.N.M., Incident and correlates of low birth weight at a referral hospitalin North West Ethiopia. Pan Africa Medical Journal, 2012. 12(4).
FMOH, National Nutrition Programme from June 2013 - June 2015. 2015