BOTULINUM TOKSIN – OTROV I LEK
Sažetak
Botulinum toksin je neurotoksin koji stvara G+, anaerobna bakterija Clostridium Botulinum i izlaganjem uticaju ovog neurotoksina razvija se botulizam. Ovaj neurotoksin svoj paralitički efekat ostvaruje brzom, ireverzibilnom blokadom neuromišićne transmisije. Identifikovano je 7 serotipova botulinum toksina (A, B, C [C1, C2], D, E, F i G), strukturno sličnih, ali antigenski i serološki različitih. Botulizam je kod ljudi najčešće uzrokovan neurotoksinima tipa A, B, E, retko neurotoksinom F. Tipovi C i D izazivaju toksičnost kod životinja. Botulizam se manifestuje u vidu muke, povraćanja, otežanog gutanja, duplog viđenja i suvoće usta. Dodatne neurološke manifestacije uključuju paralizu koja može dovesti do prestanka disanja. Terapija je urgentna primena polivalentnog antitoksičnog seruma koji je efikasan protiv svih 7 serotipova toksina. No i pored svoje velike toksičnosti, botulinom toksin formulisan u obliku injekcija je našao veliku primenu u medicini u terapiji distonije, hiperhidroze, strabizma, blefarospazma, spazma ekstremiteta, kod učestalog mokrenja i migrene.
Ključne reči: Clostridium Botulinum ,botulinum toksin, botulizam
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