Najčešći uzroci stresa i psihosomatske manifestacije kod medicinskih sestara na Odeljenju neonatalne intenzivne nege
Sažetak
Cilj: Radno mesto medicinske sestre zaposlene u jedinici intenzivne nege podrazumeva izloženost različitim vrstama radnih opterećenja koji predstavljaju faktore rizika za nastanak štetne fizičke i emocionalne reakcije tj. profesionalnog stresa. Zbog toga, cilj ovog rada je bio utvrđivanje najčešćih uzroka stresa i psihosomatskih manifestacije kod medicinskih sestara na Odeljenju neonatalne intenzivne nege.
Metode: Istraživanje je sprovedeno po tipu studije preseka. Studija je obuvatila uzorak od (N) 42 medicinske sestre-tehničara zaposlenih na Odeljenju neonatalne intenzivne nege. U istraživanju je korišćen anketni list struktuisane forme, posebno dizajniran za potrebe ove studije.
Rezultati: Distribucija višestrukih odgovora ispitanika ukazala je na činjenicu da su: sprovođenje reanimacije, nedostatak sestrinskog kadra, obimna administracija, prijem i smrt vitalno ugroženog novorođenčeta izrazito snažni stresori u radu sestara. Kao nepovoljne uslove radne sredine svi ispitanici navode negativan uticaj buke i povremenu izloženost jonizujućem zračenju. Gotovo 67% ispitanika oseća iscpljenost, a 38,1% prijavljuje bolove u mišićima. Slučajno povređivanje na radnom mestu prijavilo je 4,8% anketiranih. Subjektivnom procenom ispitanika svakodnevni stres doživljava njih 52.4%.
Zaključak: Medicinske sestre zaposlene na Odeljenju neonatalne intenzivne nege percipiraju različite situacije kao izrazito snažne stresore u radu. Najintenzivniji stresori su ujedno i najčešće zastupljeni: sprovođenje reanimacije, nedostatak sestrinskog kadra, obimna administracija, prijem i smrt vitalno ugroženog novorođenčeta. Ovi specifični psihološki faktori radnog opterećenja jesu determinante koje imaju prediktivnu vrednost pri subjektivnoj proceni doživljenog stresa kod više od polovine naših ispitanika. Psihosomatske manifestacije stresa koje dominiraju kod medicinskih sestara su: osećaj iscrpljenosti i bolovi u mišićima.
Ključne reči: neonatalna intenzivna nega; radno opterećenje; stres, medicinske sestre;
Reference
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