Uloga B limfocita u razvoju multiple skleroze i eksperimentalnog autoimunskog encefalomijelitisa
Sažetak
Multipla skleroza (Multiple sclerosis, MS) je hronično oboljenje nervnog sistema koje karakterišu oštećenje mijelinskog omotača aksona i širok spektar kliničkih znakova i simptoma. Uzrok nastanka multiple skleroze još uvek nije poznat. Smatra se da ulogu u nastanku i razvoju bolesti imaju genetska osnova, mehanizmi autoimunosti kao i različiti faktori okoline. Multipla skleroza se smatra autoimunskim oboljenjem pošto imunski sistem domaćina razvija imunski odgovor na molekule prisutne u sopstvenom nervnom sistemu. Do nedavno je preovladavalo mišljenje da najveći značaj u razvoju određenih autoimunskih bolesti, uključujući i multiplu sklerozu, imaju T limfociti. Pojačano interesovanje proteklih godina za ispitivanje fiziološke i patološke uloge B limfocita, donelo je nova saznanja o značaju ovih ćelija. Zahvaljujući novim istraživanjima, pokazano je da pored humoralne imunosti, čiji su nosioci, B limfociti imaju veliki značaj i u razvoju i regulaciji ćelijske imunosti, kao i u povezivanju urođenog i stečenog imunskog odgovora. Značaj B limfocita u razvoju multiple skleroze i u životinjskom modelu bolesti, eksperimentalnom autoimunskom encefalomijelitisu (Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE), je danas nedvosmisleno pokazana, ali još uvek nisu razjašnjeni svi mehanizmi kojima ove ćelije doprinose patogenezi bolesti. Njihov značaj potvrđuju i savremene terapijske opcije za lečenje multiple skleroze.
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