20. GODINA PROJEKTA MONIKA U NOVOM SADU - UTICAJ DRUŠTVENO-POLITIČKIH I EKONOMSKIH OKOLNOSTI NA EPIDEMIOLOGIJU MOŽDANOG UDRA
Sažetak
Cilj. Merenje trendova u morbiditetu i mortalitetu od kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB), akutnog infarkta miokarda (AIM) i miokardne insuficijencije (MU), procena stepena u kojem su ovi trendovi povezani sa promenama poznatih faktora rizika (FR), svakodnevnih životnih navika, zdravstvene zaštite i glavnih socioekonomskih karakteristika. Merenja su sprovedena istovremeno u definisanim zajednicama u različitim zemljama na nekoliko naseljenih kontinenata.
Metode MONICA su kombinovale staro sa novim, rutinska standardizovana merenja epidemioloških parametara, FR i medicinska nega su kombinovani sa kontrolom kvaliteta i objavljivanjem rezultata na internetu, testiranjem hipoteza i objavljivanjem rezultata studije u prestižnim naučnim časopisima. Hipoteza nije mogla biti testirana samo na jednoj populaciji i bez saradnje sa SZO, a glavne aktivnosti su bile evidentiranje incidencije AIM i moždanog udara, koronarna nega, analiza uzoraka populacije i sprovođenje programa intervencije. Incidencija, morbiditet, smrtnost i mortalitet od moždanog udara, sociopolitičke i ekonomske karakteristike, kao i FR moždanog udara na području Novog Sada ispitivani su od 1979-1983-2002. godine, kako bi se uspostavili i sproveli gore pomenuti protokoli.
Rezultati Predstavljeni su nivoi i distribucija glavnih RF koji su odredili preduzimanje preventivnih aktivnosti i sprovođenje interventnih programa za zaštitu stanovnika od kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB). Rezultati projekta MONICA u Novom Sadu postignuti su smanjenjem epidemioloških indikatora moždanog udara u periodu povoljnih društvenih, političkih i ekonomskih uslova, a njihovim pogoršanjem u suprotnim okolnostima u svim izraženim aspektima života ljudi i funkcionisanja države.
Zaključak Dokazana je hipoteza da društvena zajednica postiže uspešnu konačnu misiju smanjenja stope morbiditeta i mortaliteta od moždanog udara preduzimanjem profilaktičkih mera, tako da uprkos razvoju reperfuzionih terapija za pacijente sa akutnim ishemijskim moždanim udarom, prevencija ostaje pristup izbora za smanjenje njegovog rizika.
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