POLNI DIMORFIZAM FUNKCIONALNE ASIMETRIJE MOZGA
Sažetak
Strukturalna i funkcionalna asimetrija mozga su rezultat delovanja različitih faktora od genetske kontrole, preko brojnih negenetskih prenatalnih i postnatalih faktora, koji uključuju i delovanje polnih steroida. Koncept polnog dimorfizma cerebralne asimetrije podrazumeva razlike u strukturalnoj i funkcionalnoj asimetriji hemisfera između jedinki muškog i ženskog pola. Značajan broj studija ukazuje na manji stepen funkcionalne asimetrije između desnog i levog korteksa kod žena, i veći stepen funkcionalne cerebralne lateralizacije kod muškaraca tokom kognitivne i perceptualne obrade, kao i na razlike u angažovanju hemisfera između jedinki muškog i ženskog pola. Takođe, pokazano je da funkcionalna kortikalna lateralizacija kod žena nije stabilna tokom menstrualnog ciklusa, već da varira u zavisnosti od fluktuirajućeg nivoa ženskih polnih steroida. Smatra se da ženski polni steroidi moduliraju funkcionalnu asimetriju mozga upravo menjajući inter-hemisferičnu komunikaciju preko komisuralnog sistema, naročito delujući na transkalozalni inhibitorni prenos. Buduća istraživanja su neophodna za razumevanje mehanizama koji leže u osnovi polnog dimorfizma strukturalne i funkcionalne asimetrija mozga, kao i biološkog i evolutivnog značaja postojanja ovog fenomena.
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