Veština korišćenja invalidskih kolica kod osoba sa cerebralnom paralizom
Sažetak
Uvod: Cerebralna paraliza je termin koji podrazumeva grupu neprogresivnih, ali često promenljivih simptoma motoričkog oštećenja, kretanja i posture. Pomenuta motorička oštećenja zahtevaju upotrebu različite asistivne tehnologije, a najčešća je upotreba invalidskih kolica. Svaki korisnik kolica je jedinstven i nema „standardnih“ kolica za određeni oblik onesposobljenosti.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi stepen samostalnosti osoba sa cerebralnom paralizom pri upravljanju invalidskim kolicima u zavisnosti od težine oboljenja, anatomskog i funkcionalnog stanja, kao i utvrditi u kojoj meri se korisnici invalidskih kolica suočavaju sa arhitektonskim barijerama i koliko ih uspešno prevazilaze.
Materijal i metode: Studija je obuhvatila 40 ispitanika sa dijagnozom cerebralne paralize koji koriste manuelna invalidska kolica. Kao merni instrumenti korišćeni su sledeći upitnici: Standardizovani upitnik za procenu sposobnosti savladavanja arhitektonskih barijera u zatvorenom prostoru - Power Mobility Indoor Driving Assessment (PIDA score), Upitnik za procenu samostalnosti pri upravljanju manuelnim invalidskim kolicima - Wheelchair Skills Test (WST) Version 4. 2 i Nestandardizovani upitnik za procenu stanja i potreba korisnika u invalidskim kolicima, koji je dizajniran za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Statistkička obrada podataka izvršena je pomoću metode deskriptivne statistike.
Rezultati: Analiziranjem rezultata iz korišćenih testova dobijeno je da 65% ispitanika spada u kategoriju kompletne zavisnosti prilikom prevazilaženja arhitektonskih barijera u zatvorenom prostoru, da je 62,5% ispitanika potpuno nesamostalno pri upravljanju invalidskim kolicima, da je najviše potrebna pomoć pri kretanju i obavljanju aktivnosti samozbrinjavanja, a da najveći procenat ispitanika, pored invalidskih kolica, ne koristi drugu asistivnu tehnologiju.
Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati potvrđuju da je stepen samostalnosti osoba sa cerebralnom paralizom koje koriste invalidska kolica nizak i da je pomoć pri savladavanju arhitektonskih barijera potrebna kod preko 50% ispitanika. Takođe, uočeno je da su upitnici koji su primenjivani u svrhu ovog istraživanja pokazali značajnu primenu u idetifikaciji kako samih arhitektonskih barijera, tako i nivoa potrebne pomoći u savladavanju istih.
Ključne reči: cerebralna paraliza, invalidska kolica, samostalnost, barijere, sposobnosti.
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