Risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Abstract
Kardiovaskularne bolesti su vodeći uzrok smrti kod bolesnika koji se leče hemodijalizom. Kod ovih bolesnika prisutni su različiti tradicionalni i netradicionalni faktori rizika za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti. U tradicionalne faktore rizika spadaju arterijska hipertenzija , hiperlipidemija, šećerna bolest, gojaznost, pušenje cigareta i smanjena fizička aktivnost. U netradicionalne faktore rizika spadaju mikroinflamacija, hiperhomocisteinemija, oksidativni stres, malnutricija, sekundarni hiperpratireoidizam, anemija, retencija natrijuma i vode i povećan protok krvi kroz vaskularni pristup za hemodijalizu. U ovom preglednom radu detaljnije su opisani uzroci nastanka, načini dijagnostikovanja i lečenja za tri glavna faktora rizika a to su arterijska hipertenzija, šećerna bolest i hiperlipidemija kao i za sve netradicionalne faktore rizika za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti kod bolesnika koji se leče hemodijalizom.
Ključne reči: hemodijaliza; kardiovaskularne bolesti; faktori rizika; lečenje.
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