Eksperimentalna indukcija stanja netolerancije na neizvenost - preliminarni rezultati
Sažetak
This study aimed to pilot test the experimental procedure for inducing state levels of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) using a sample of 62 undergraduate psychology students (M = 23.13, SD = 2.88, female 90.3%). Although similar procedures were used in other cultural contexts, this is the first time it was tested in Serbia. We used a two-step state IU induction procedure. The first step included describing and analyzing one upcoming idiosyncratic life event with a potentially poor outcome. The second step required reading a list of irrational beliefs about uncertainty. In addition, we used an adapted Serbian IUS-11 scale, the Anxiety subscale from the DASS-21, and a single-item measure to collect information about state IU, state anxiety, and state worry, respectively. Results of ANCOVA revealed that experimental and control groups did not differ in state IU after the induction. However, there seems to be an increase in state IU in the experimental group, but not in the control group, when pretest and posttest scores are compared in each group separately. Additionally, a significant main effect of measurement time point on state worry and anxiety was found. In contrast, the main effects of condition and measurement time point by condition interaction were nonsignificant. Although the results are not straightforward (possibly due to the small sample size), the modified procedure seems to potentially serve as a tool for inducing state IU. We discussed the results, the procedure’s feasibility, and possible modifications that could produce more precise effects.
Reference
Allan, N. P., Volarov, M., Koscinski, B., Pizzonia, K. L., Potter, K., Accorso, C., Saulnier, K. G., Ashrafioun, L., Stecker, T., Suhr, J., & Allan, D. M. (2021). Lonely, anxious, and uncertain: Critical risk factors for suicidal desire during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Research, 304, 114144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114144
Borkovec T. D. (1985). Worry: a potentially valuable concept. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23(4), 481–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(85)90178-0
Boswell, J. F., Thompson-Hollands, J., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2013). Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Common Factor in the Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(6), 630–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21965
Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). Investigating the construct validity of intolerance of uncertainty and its unique relationship with worry. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(2), 222–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.12.004
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Carleton, R. N. (2016). Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 39, 30-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.007
Carleton, R. N. (2012). The intolerance of uncertainty construct in the context of anxiety disorders: theoretical and practical perspectives. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 12(8), 937–947. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.12.82
Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A., & Asmundson, G. J. (2007). Fearing the unknown: a short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014
Carleton, R. N., Thibodeau, M. A., Osborne, J. W., Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2014). Revisiting the fundamental fears: Towards establishing construct independence. Personality and Individual Differences, 63, 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.040
de Boer, M. R., Waterlander, W. E., Kuijper, L. D., Steenhuis, I. H., & Twisk, J. W. (2015). Testing for baseline differences in randomized controlled trials: an unhealthy research behavior that is hard to eradicate. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0162-z
Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (1997). Intolerance of uncertainty and problem orientation in worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21(6), 593-606. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021890322153
Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(2), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00070-3
Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Investigating specificity in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(5), 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005553414688
Dugas, M. J., Schwartz, A., & Francis, K. (2004). Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28(6), 835-842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-004-0669-0
Ellis, A., & Dryden, W. (1997). The Practice of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (2nd ed.). Springer Publishing Co.
Fetzner, M. G., Horswill, S. C., Boelen, P. A., & Carleton, R. N. (2013). Intolerance of Uncertainty and PTSD Symptoms: Exploring the Construct Relationship in a Community Sample with a Heterogeneous Trauma History. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(4), 725–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9531-6
Freeston, M. H., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (1994). Why do people worry?. Personality and Individual Differences, 17(6), 791-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90048-5
Geiser, C., Götz, T., Preckel, F., & Freund, P. A. (2017). States and traits: theories, models, and assessment. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 33(4), 219–223. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000413
Geiser, C., Keller, B. T., Lockhart, G., Eid, M., Cole, D. A., & Koch, T. (2014). Distinguishing state variability from trait change in longitudinal data: The role of measurement (non)invariance in latent state-trait analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 47(1), 172–203. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-014-0457-z
Grenier, S., & Ladouceur, R. (2004). Manipulation de l’Intole´rance a` l’Incertitude et Inquie´tudes. Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 36(1), 56–65.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Pearson.
Hamaker, E. L. (2012). Why researchers should think "within-person": A paradigmatic rationale. In M. R. Mehl & T. S. Conner (Eds.), Handbook of research methods for studying daily life (pp. 43–61). The Guilford Press.
Jovanović, V., Gavrilov-Jerković, V., Žuljević, D., & Brdarić, D. (2014). Psychometric evaluation of the depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21) in a Serbian student sample. Psihologija, 47(1), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI1401093J
Ladouceur, R., Gosselin, P., & Dugas, M. J. (2000). Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: a study of a theoretical model of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(9), 933–941. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00133-3
McEvoy, P. M., & Erceg-Hurn, D. M. (2016). The search for universal transdiagnostic and trans-therapy change processes: Evidence for intolerance of uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.002
Mahoney, A. E., & McEvoy, P. M. (2012). A transdiagnostic examination of intolerance of uncertainty across anxiety and depressive disorders. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(3), 212–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2011.622130
Moises Jr, C. (2020). Online data collection as adaptation in conducting quantitative and qualitative research during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(11). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v7i11.3336
Mosca, O., Lauriola, M., & Carleton, R. N. (2016). Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Temporary Experimental Induction Procedure. PLOS ONE, 11(6), e0155130. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155130
Mihić, L., Sokić, J., Samac, N., & Ignjatović, I. (2014). Srpska adaptacija i validacija upitnika netolerancije na neizvesnost. [Serbian adaptation and validation of the intolerance of uncertainty scale]. Primenjena Psihologija, 7, 347-370. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2014.3-1.347-370
Oglesby, M. E., Boffa, J. W., Short, N. A., Raines, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2016). Intolerance of uncertainty as a predictor of post-traumatic stress symptoms following a traumatic event. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.01.005
Reuman, L., Jacoby, R. J., Fabricant, L. E., Herring, B., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2015). Uncertainty as an anxiety cue at high and low levels of threat. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 47, 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.12.002
Saulnier, K. G., Allan, N. P., Raines, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2019). Depression and intolerance of uncertainty: Relations between uncertainty subfactors and depression dimensions. Psychiatry, 82(1),72-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2018.1560583
Strube, M. J. (1991). Small sample failure of random assignment: A further examination. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(2), 346–350. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.59.2.346
Autori zadržavaju autorska prava nad objavljenim člancima, a izdavaču daju neekskluzivno pravo da članak objavi, da u slučaju daljeg korišćenja članka bude naveden kao njegov prvi izdavač, kao i da distribuira članak u svim oblicima i medijima. Objavljeni članci distribuiraju se u skladu sa licencom Creative Commons Autorstvo – Deliti pod istim uslovima 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) . Dopušteno je da se delo kopira i distribuira u svim medijima i formatima, da se prerađuje, menja i nadograđuje u bilo koje svrhe, uključujući i komercijalne, pod uslovom da se na pravilan način citiraju njegovi prvobitni autori, postavi link ka originalnoj licenci, naznači da li je delo izmenjeno i da se novo delo objavi pod istom licencom kao i
originalno. Autorima je dozvoljeno da objavljenu verziju rada deponuju u institucionalni ili tematski repozitorijum ili da je objave na ličnim veb stranicama (uključujući i profile na društvenim mrežama, kao što su ResearchGate, Academia.edu, itd.), na sajtu institucije u kojoj su zaposleni, u bilo koje vreme nakon objavljivanja u časopisu, uz adekvatno referisanje.