Usamljenost i zadovoljstvo životom u starosti: moderatorski efekat egzekutivnih funkcija

  • Jasmina Pekić Odsek za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Novom Sadu
  • Jasmina Kodžopeljić Odsek za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Novom SADU
  • Ilija Milovanović Odsek za psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Novom SADU
Ključne reči: old age, loneliness, executive functions, life satisfaction

Sažetak


Zadovoljstvo životom u starosti, kao i do tada ostvarenim životnim ciljevima, označava se kao prominentan činilac uspešnog starenja, odnosno održavanja psihološkog blagostanja u starosti. Sa druge strane, u opsežnom dijapazonu izazova koje pozno životno doba stavlja pred pojedinca, relevantna literatura posebno ističe usamljenost, dodeljujući joj status podrivajućeg faktora zadovoljstva životom. Radi preciznijeg sagledavanja raznovrsnosti veza koje kognitivne varijable ostvaruju sa usamljenošću i time doprinose kvalitetu starenja, istraživanje pretenduje da ispita moderatorsku ulogu radne memorije i inhibitorne kontrole u relaciji između socio-emocionalne usamljenosti i opšte procene zadovoljstva životom u starosti. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 198 ispitanika (65,7% žena) starijih od 65 godina (М = 75.38, SD = 7.13) sa teritorije Vojvodine. Za merenje varijabli od interesa primenjeni su sledeći instrumenti: skala usamljenosti De Jong Gierveld (DJGLS), inventar egzekutivnih funkcija za odrasle (ADEXI) i skala zadovoljstva životom – 3 (SWLS – 3). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da kod starijih osoba sa višom efikasnošću radne memorije niža sposobnost inhibitorne kontrole vodi ka tome da usamljenost ima značajne negativne efekte na zadovoljstvo životom. Sa druge strane, kod starijih sa nižom efikasnošću radne memorije nivo sposobnosti inhibicije ne određuje značajno relaciju između usamljenosti i zadovoljstva životom. 

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