Psihometrijske karakteristike Skale nove ekološke paradigme na srpskom uzorku
Sažetak
Klimatske promene predstavljaju sve veću pretnju čovečanstvu i suočavanje sa njihovim potencijalno katastrofalnim efektima zahtevaće promenu ponašanja na društvenom i individualnom nivou. Teorije i empirijska istraživanja naglašavaju ulogu pro-ekoloških stavova kao prethodnika pro-ekoloških ponašanja.
Koristeći veliki uzorak građana Srbije (N=871 odrasle populacije) ispitanog intervjuisanjem licem u lice, pokušavali smo da utvrdimo psihometrijske karakteristike skale Nove Ekološke Paradigme (NEP skala), instrumenta koji je u širokoj upotrebi u svetu za merenje pro-ekoloških stavova. Ovo je prvi put da su psihometrijske karakteristike NEP skale proveravane na velikom uzorku punoletnih građana Srbije, uz testiranje njegove prediktivne moći za objašnjavanje pro-ekološkog ponašanja (koristeći upitnik ekološkog ponašanja).
Rezultati ukazuju na postojanje tri faktora: Ekološka kriza; Čovek (ni)je iznad prirode; Čovekova (ne)izuzetost iz prirode, slično prethodnim istraživanjima u regionu. Tri faktora objašnjavaju oko polovinu varijanse. Faktor ekološka kriza je jedini značajan za predviđanje pro-ekološkog ponašanja.
Potrebna je dalja analiza pro-ekoloških stavova i ponašanja kako bi se bolje razumela i komunicirala hitnost i značaj zaštite planete.
Reference
Anderson, M. (2012). The New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) Scale. In: Spellerberg, I. et al. (Eds.). The Berkshire Encyclopedia of sustainability: measurements, indicators, and research methods for sustainability (260–262). Massachusetts, US: Berkshire Publishing Group. Retrieved March 22, 2022. https://umaine.edu/ soe/wp-content/uploads/sites/199/2013/01/NewEcologicalParadigmNEPScale1.pdf
Amburgey, J. W., &Thoman, D. B. (2012). Dimensionality of the new ecological paradigm: Issues of factor structure and measurement. Environment and Behavior, 44(2), 235-256.
Aoyagi-Usui, M., Vinken, H., Kuribayashi, A., (2003). Pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors: an international comparison. Human Ecology Review, 10(1), 23-31.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Bronfman, N., Cisternas, C.P., López-Vázquez, E., de la Maza, C. &Oyanedel, C. (2015). Understanding Attitudes and Pro-Environmental Behaviors in a Chilean Community. Sustainability, 7, 14133-14152; doi:10.3390/su71014133
Casey, P. J., & Scott, K. (2006). Environmental concern and behaviour in an Australian sample within an ecocentric–anthropocentric framework. Australian Journal of Psychology, 58(2), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530600730419
Convery, F., McDonnell, S., & Ferreira, S. (2007). The most popular tax in Europe? Lessons from the Irish plastic bags levy. Environ Resource Econ., 38, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-006-9059-2
Cruz, S. M., & Manata, B. (2020). Measurement of environmental concern: A review and analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00363
Dunlap, R.E. (2008). The New Environmental Paradigm Scale: From Marginality to Worldwide Use. The Journal of Environmental Education, 40(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEE.40.1.3-18
Dunlap, R. E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G., & Jones, R. E. (2000). Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: a revised NEP scale. Journal of social issues, 56(3), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00176
Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (1978). The new environmental paradigm. Journal of Environmental Education, 9, 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1978.10801875
De Groot, J. & Steg, L. (2007). General Beliefs and the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Role of Environmental Concerns in the TPB. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 37. 1817 - 1836. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00239.x
Globaltel (2021). Retrieved from http://reciklomat.rs/, on 12.11.2021
Ek, K. (2005). Public and private attitudes towards “green” electricity: the case of Swedish wind power. Energy policy, 33(13),1677-1689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.02.005
Erdogan, N. (2009). Testing the new ecological paradigm scale: Turkish case. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(10), 1023–1031.
Fleury-Bahi, G., Marcouyeux, A., Renard, E., &Roussiau, N. (2015). Factorial structure of the New Ecological Paradigm scale in two French samples. Environmental Education Research, 21(6), 821-831.
GIZ, (2019), Assessment of the effects of the introduction of the circular economy - the plastic packaging sector, Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) project “Waste menagement in the context of climate change - DKTI”.
Hayton, J. C., Allen, D. G., & Scarpello, V. (2004). Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: a Tutorial on Parallel Analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 7(2), 191-205. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428104263675
Hornsey, M., Harris, E., Bain, P., & Fielding, K. (2016). Meta-analyses of the determinants and outcomes of belief in climate change. Nature Climate Change, 6, 622–626, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2943
Hines, J. M., Hungerford, H. R., & Tomera, A. N. (1987). Analysis and Synthesis of Research on Responsible Environmental Behavior: A Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Environmental Education, 18(2), 1–8. doi:10.1080/00958964.1987.9943
Hini, D., Gendall, P., & Kearns, Z. (1995). The Link between Environmental Attitudes and Behaviour. Marketing Bulletin, 6, 22-31.
IPSOS (2018). A throwaway world: the challenge of plastic packaging and waste. An Ipsos survey.
Jakobsen, J. C., Gluud, C., Wetterslev, J., & Winkel, P. (2017). When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials – a practical guide with flowcharts. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 17(1). doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0442-1
Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000116
Karajić, N. (1999). Vrijednosne preferencije kao determinante ekološkog ponašanja u Hrvatskoj. Socijalna ekologija, 8(1-2), 1-21.
Kennedy, E. H., Beckley, T., Mcfarlane, B.L., Nadeau, S. (2009). Why We Don’t “Walk the Talk”: Understanding the Environmental Values/Behaviour Gap in Canada. Human ecology review, 16(2),151-160.
Leiserowitz, A. A., Kates, R. W., & Parris, T. M. (2006). Sustainability Values, Attitudes, and Behaviors: A Review of Multinational and Global Trends. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 31, 413-444. doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.31.102505.133552
Manoli, C. C., Johnson, B., & Dunlap, R. E. (2007). Assessing children's environmental worldviews: Modifying and validating the New Ecological Paradigm Scale for use with children. The Journal of Environmental Education, 38(4), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEE.38.4.3-13
Madzkal, M., Gasic, M., & Ivanovic, I. (2018). Ekološka politika Srbije i Evropske unije. Istaknuti tematski zbornik radova vodećeg nacionalnog značaja Istočna evropa i postmoderni izazovi, Centar za strateška istraživanja nacionalne bezbednosti CESNA B, Beograd u saradnji sa Fakultetom za pravo, bezbednost i menadžment ‘’Konstantin Veliki’’ Niš Univerziteta Union Nikola Tesla u Beogradu, pp 241-257.
Maneesriwongul W, Dixon JK. Instrument translation process: a methods review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2004 Oct;48(2):175-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03185.x. PMID: 15369498.
Ministry of Environmental Protection. (2020). Ministarstvo zaštite životne sredine (2020). Ekotaksa. https://www.ekologija.gov.rs/saopstenja/vesti/eko-taksa
Miščević Kadijević, G., Vasilijević, D. (2019). Utvrđivanje proekoloških pogleda budućih vaspitača i učitelja. U: Pavlović Breneselović, D., Spasenović, V. i Alibabić, Š. (ur.). Obrazovna politika i praksa: u skladu ili u raskoraku (103–107). Zbornik radova sa nacionalnog skupa Susreti pedagoga, 25. i 26. januar 2019. Beograd: Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu i Pedagoško društvo Srbije.
Montanelli, R. G., & Humphreys, L. G. (1976). Latent roots of random data correlation matrices with squared multiple correlations on the diagonal: A Monte Carlo study. Psychometrika, 41(3), 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293559
Nawrotzki, R. J. (2012). The Politics of Environmental Concern: A Cross-National Analysis. Organization & Environment, 25(3), 286-307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026612456535
Nooney, J. G., Woodrum, E., Hoban, T. J., & Clifford, W. B. (2003). Environmental Worldview and Behavior: Consequences of Dimensionality in a Survey of North Carolinians. Environment and Behavior, 35(6), 763-783. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916503256246
O'Connor, B. P. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 32(3), 396–402. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200807
Ogunbode, C. A. (2013). The NEP scale: measuring ecological attitudes/worldviews in an African context. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 15(6), 1477–1494.doi:10.1007/s10668-013-9446-0
Petrović, N., Škrbić, B. (2016). Ekološke vrednosne orijentacije i spremnost na aktivizam u Srbiji. Zbornik radova Geografskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, 64, 47–71. DOI:10.5937/zrgfub1664047P
Popov, B., Zorić, J. i Bodroža, B. (2023). Ekološki aktivizam i proekološko ponašanje u Srbiji: determinante i relacije sa subjektivnim blagostanjem. Psihološka istraživanja, 2, 323–342. DOI: 10.5937/PSISTRA26-46307
Polit, D.F. and Hungler, B.P. (1999). Nursing Research: Principle and Method. Philadelphia: Lippincott Company, P.P. 416-417.
Rauwald, K. S., & Moore, C. F. (2002). Environmental Attitudes as Predictors of Policy Support across Three Countries. Environment and Behavior, 34(6), 709–739.doi:10.1177/001391602237243
Rideout, B. E. (2005). The Effect of a Brief Environmental Problems Module on Endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm in College Students. The Journal of Environmental Education, 37(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEE.37.1.3-12
Rojas-Rivas, E., Antúnez, L., Cuffia, F., Otterbring, T., Aschemann-Witzel, J., Giménez, A., Ares,G. (2020). Time orientation and risk perception moderate the influence of sodium warnings on food choice: Implications for the design of communication campaigns. Appetite, 147. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104562
Ruggeri, K., Immonen, J., Benzerga, A., Kacha, O., & van der Linden, S. (2018). Energy and environment. In Rugerri, K. (Ed.), Behavioral Insights for Public Policy. Routledge: New York
Schultz, P. W., & Zelezny, L. C. (1998). Values and proenvironmentalbehavior: A five-country survey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(4), 540-558. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022198294003
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-65.
Srbinovski, M., & Stanišić, J. (2020). Environmental worldviews of Serbian and Macedonian school students. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 36(1), 20–43.
Stanišić, J. M. (2021). Ekološki pogledi na svet učenika osnovne i srednje škole - primena NEP skale. Inovacije u nastavi - časopis za savremenu nastavu , 34(3), 76-94. https://doi.org/10.5937/inovacije2103076S
Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20, 309-317. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004
Stern, P. C. (2000). Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175
Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., & Kalof, L. (1993). Value Orientations, Gender, and Environmental Concern. Environment and Behavior, 25(5), 322-348. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916593255002
Schultz, P. W., Gouveia, V. V., Cameron, L. D., Tankha, G., Schmuck, P., &Franěk, M. (2005). Values and their Relationship to Environmental Concern and Conservation Behavior. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 457–475.doi:10.1177/0022022105275962
Srbinovski, M. S. (2016). Rodne razlike i ekološki pogled na svet - studija slučaja iz Makedonije. Inovacije u nastavi - časopis za savremenu nastavu , 29(4), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.5937/inovacije1604101S
Turner, N. E. (1998). The effect of common variance and structure pattern on random data eigenvalues: Implications for the accuracy of parallel analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58(4), 541–568. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164498058004001
Van Petegem, P., & Blieck, A. (2006). The environmental worldview of children: a cross‐cultural perspective. Environmental Education Research, 12(5), 625–635. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620601053662
Velicer, W. F., Eaton, C. A., & Fava, J. L. (2000). Construct explication through factor or component analysis: A review and evaluation of alternative procedures for determining the number of factors or components. In R. D. Goffin & E. Helmes (Eds.), Problems and solutions in human assessment: Honoring Douglas N. Jackson at seventy (pp. 41–71). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4397-8_3
Watson, K., & Halse, C.M. (2005). Environmental attitudes of pre-service teachers: A conceptual and methodological dilemma in cross-cultural data collection. Asia Pacific Education Review, 6, 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03024968
Wu, Y., He, Y., Jiang, X., Zhao, Y., Cui, Y., Wang, H. (2023). Assessing ecosystem health of floodplain lakes using an Integrated Bioassessment Index. Ecological Indicators, 154(1-2):110644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110644.
Zak, K. & Munson, B. (2008). Аn exploratory study of elementary preservice teachers’ understanding of ecology using concept maps. Journal оf Environmental Education, 39(3), 32–46.
Zwick, W. R., & Velicer, W. F. (1986). Comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain. Psychological Bulletin, 99(3), 432–442. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.432
Autori zadržavaju autorska prava nad objavljenim člancima, a izdavaču daju neekskluzivno pravo da članak objavi, da u slučaju daljeg korišćenja članka bude naveden kao njegov prvi izdavač, kao i da distribuira članak u svim oblicima i medijima. Objavljeni članci distribuiraju se u skladu sa licencom Creative Commons Autorstvo – Deliti pod istim uslovima 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) . Dopušteno je da se delo kopira i distribuira u svim medijima i formatima, da se prerađuje, menja i nadograđuje u bilo koje svrhe, uključujući i komercijalne, pod uslovom da se na pravilan način citiraju njegovi prvobitni autori, postavi link ka originalnoj licenci, naznači da li je delo izmenjeno i da se novo delo objavi pod istom licencom kao i
originalno. Autorima je dozvoljeno da objavljenu verziju rada deponuju u institucionalni ili tematski repozitorijum ili da je objave na ličnim veb stranicama (uključujući i profile na društvenim mrežama, kao što su ResearchGate, Academia.edu, itd.), na sajtu institucije u kojoj su zaposleni, u bilo koje vreme nakon objavljivanja u časopisu, uz adekvatno referisanje.