APOPTOZA I ĆELIJSKI CIKLUS

Marija A Petrović; Danijela V Todorović

doi:10.5937/racter6-4045

Marija A Petrović Klinicki Centar Kragujevac
Danijela V Todorović Fakultet medicinskih nauka, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/racter6-4045

Ključne reči: Cancer||, ||Kancer, Cell Cycle||, ||Ćelijski ciklus, Apoptosis||, ||Apoptoza,

Sažetak

Apoptoza, kao oblik programirane ćelijske smrti, služi za eliminaciju pojedinačnih ćelija okruženih normalnom ćelijskom populacijom. To je kontrolisan način ćelijskog umiranja u kome ćelija aktivno učestvuje, sprovodeći precizan, genski regulisan program autodestrukcije, tj. ćelijskog “samoubistva”. Za ispoljavanje ovog procesa neophodna je aktivna sinteza makromolekula. Smrt individualnih ćelija je neophodna za održavanje ravnoteže u živim sistemima, tako da je proces apoptoze neprekidno prisutan u organizmu, što omogućava noramalno razviće, tkivnu homeostazu i brojne druge fiziološke procese. Molekularni mehanizmi koji regulišu proces apoptoze su funkcionalno povezani sa drugim ćelijskim mehanizmima, kao što su kontrola ćelijskog ciklusa, ćelijske proliferacije i diferencijacije, genomske stabilnosti i ćelijskog metabolizma. Oštećenja na molekulu DNK, nastala kako spontano, tako i pod dejstvom različitih hemijskih i fizičkih agenasa, dovode do zaustavljanja ćelijskog ciklusa i aktivacije mehanizama koji ta oštećenja popravljaju. U zavisnosti od vrste i stepena oštećenja, ćelija ili nastavlja progresiju kroz ćelijski ciklus ili aktivira mehanizme koji je vode u apoptozu. Poremećaji u regulaciji procesa apoptoze i ćelijskog ciklusa predstavljaju molekularno biološku osnovu mnogih bolesti. Zbog značaja koji ovi procesi imaju u nastanku i progresiji tumora njihovo korišćenje kao bioloških markera predstavlja jednu od osnovnih strategija u formiranju terapijskih pristupa za lečenje kancera.

Biografija autora

Danijela V Todorović, Fakultet medicinskih nauka, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu

Docent

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