RAZVOJ UPITNIKA ZA MERENJE ZNANJA PACIJENATA O ŠEĆERNOJ BOLESTI
Sažetak
Uvod: Dijabetes predstavlja veoma ozbiljan zdravstveni problem sa prevalencijom od 9%, kod populacije starije od 18. godina. Mortalitet izazvan dijabetesom u 2012. godini na globalnom nivou je iznosio 2,7%, a u Srbiji 3,4%. Pacijent svojim ponašanjem mnogo utiče na ishod bolesti, pa samim tim adekvatna edukacija i provera znanja dijabetičara igraju veoma bitnu ulogu u prevenciji komplikacija bolesti.
Cilj: Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su da se oformi i validira upitnik, koji će moći da se koristi kao instrument za merenje znanja pacijenata o šećernoj bolesti, kao i da se sagledaju i analiziraju znanje pacijenata i faktori koji utiču na znanje pacijenata.
Materijal i metod: Studija je dizajnirana kao opservaciona, analitička, studija preseka, u kojoj su prospektivno prikupljani podaci pomoću upitnika. Studijsku populaciju čine pacijenti oboleli od šećerne bolesti tipa jedan i dva, lečeni na odeljenju Endokrinologije u Kliničkom centru Kragujevac. Sprovođenje istraživanja je odobreno od strane Etičkog komiteta Kliničkog centra Kragujevac.
Rezultati: U istraživanju je učestvovalo ukupno 302 pacijenta obolelih od šećerne bolesti, oba tipa; pacijenata muškog pola je bilo 146 (48,3%), a ženskog 156 (51,7%). Dobijena vrednost Kronbahove alfe od 0,774 ukazuje da je upitnik pouzdan. Sprovedena je eksplorativna faktorska analiza na osnovu koje su dobijena četiri faktora. Promenljive koje statistički značajno utičuna znanje su: starost pacijenta (β = -0,327; r = 0,000), stečeni stepen obrazovanja (β = 0,110; r = 0,032) i trajanje bolesti (β = 0,395; r = 0,000).
Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraživanja su ukazali na dobre psihometrijske karakteristike upitnika za merenje znanja pacijenata obolelih od šećerne bolesti. Znanje pacijenata o svojoj bolesti je bilo zadovoljavajuće u studijskom uzorku, i na njega su značajno uticali starost, obrazovanje i trajanje bolesti.
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